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Nanoparticle-Based Bio-Bar Codes for the Ultrasensitive Detection of Proteins
Jwa-Min Nam,*C. Shad Thaxton,*Chad A. Mirkin
An ultrasensitive method for detecting protein analytes hasbeen developed. The system relies on magnetic microparticleprobes with antibodies that specifically bind a target of interest[prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in this case] and nanoparticleprobes that are encoded with DNA that is unique to the proteintarget of interest and antibodies that can sandwich the targetcaptured by the microparticle probes. Magnetic separation ofthe complexed probes and target followed by dehybridizationof the oligonucleotides on the nanoparticle probe surface allowsthe determination of the presence of the target protein by identifyingthe oligonucleotide sequence released from the nanoparticleprobe. Because the nanoparticle probe carries with it a largenumber of oligonucleotides per protein binding event, thereis substantial amplification and PSA can be detected at 30 attomolarconcentration. Alternatively, a polymerase chain reaction onthe oligonucleotide bar codes can boost the sensitivity to 3attomolar. Comparable clinically accepted conventional assaysfor detecting the same target have sensitivity limits of 3 picomdar,six orders of magnitude less sensitive than what is observedwith this method.
Department of Chemistry and Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60201, USA
* These authors contributed equally to the work.
To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: camirkin{at}chem.northwestern.edu
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