Note to users. If you're seeing this message, it means that your browser cannot find this page's style/presentation instructions -- or possibly that you are using a browser that does not support current Web standards. Find out more about why this message is appearing, and what you can do to make your experience of our site the best it can be.

Science 8 August 2003:
Vol. 301. no. 5634, pp. 805 - 809
DOI: 10.1126/science.1083328
Prev | Table of Contents | Next

Research Articles

Requirement of Hippocampal Neurogenesis for the Behavioral Effects of Antidepressants

Luca Santarelli,1* Michael Saxe,1* Cornelius Gross,1 Alexandre Surget,2 Fortunato Battaglia,3 Stephanie Dulawa,1 Noelia Weisstaub,1 James Lee,1 Ronald Duman,4 Ottavio Arancio,3 Catherine Belzung,2 René Hen1{dagger}

Various chronic antidepressant treatments increase adult hippocampal neurogenesis, but the functional importance of this phenomenon remains unclear. Here, using genetic and radiological methods, we show that disrupting antidepressant-induced neurogenesis blocks behavioral responses to antidepressants. Serotonin 1A receptor null mice were insensitive to the neurogenic and behavioral effects of fluoxetine, a serotonin selective reuptake inhibitor. X-irradiation of a restricted region of mouse brain containing the hippocampus prevented the neurogenic and behavioral effects of two classes of antidepressants. These findings suggest that the behavioral effects of chronic antidepressants may be mediated by the stimulation of neurogenesis in the hippocampus.

1 Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
2 Psychobiologie des Emotions, Université François Rabelais, Tours 37200, France.
3 Nathan Kline Research Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
4 Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06508, USA.



* These authors contributed equally to this work.

{dagger} To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: rh95{at}columbia.edu

Read the Full Text


THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES:
A{beta} Immunotherapy Protects Morphology and Survival of Adult-Born Neurons in Doubly Transgenic APP/PS1 Mice.
B. Biscaro, O. Lindvall, C. Hock, C. T. Ekdahl, and R. M. Nitsch (2009)
J. Neurosci. 29, 14108-14119
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The subependymal zone neurogenic niche: a beating heart in the centre of the brain: How plastic is adult neurogenesis? Opportunities for therapy and questions to be addressed.
I. Kazanis (2009)
Brain 132, 2909-2921
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Adult-Born Hippocampal Dentate Granule Cells Undergoing Maturation Modulate Learning and Memory in the Brain.
W. Deng, M. D. Saxe, I. S. Gallina, and F. H. Gage (2009)
J. Neurosci. 29, 13532-13542
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Development of Developmental Neuroscience.
C. Mason (2009)
J. Neurosci. 29, 12735-12747
   Full Text »    PDF »
A Molecular Signature of Depression in the Amygdala.
E. Sibille, Y. Wang, J. Joeyen-Waldorf, C. Gaiteri, A. Surget, S. Oh, C. Belzung, G. C. Tseng, and D. A. Lewis (2009)
Am J Psychiatry 166, 1011-1024
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Kruppel-Like Factor 9 Is Necessary for Late-Phase Neuronal Maturation in the Developing Dentate Gyrus and during Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis.
K. N. Scobie, B. J. Hall, S. A. Wilke, K. C. Klemenhagen, Y. Fujii-Kuriyama, A. Ghosh, R. Hen, and A. Sahay (2009)
J. Neurosci. 29, 9875-9887
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Parametric Mapping of 5HT1A Receptor Sites in the Human Brain with the Hypotime Method: Theory and Normal Values.
M. Moller, A. Rodell, and A. Gjedde (2009)
J. Nucl. Med. 50, 1229-1236
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
{alpha}1-Adrenergic Receptors Regulate Neurogenesis and Gliogenesis.
M. K. Gupta, R. S. Papay, C. W. D. Jurgens, R. J. Gaivin, T. Shi, V. A. Doze, and D. M. Perez (2009)
Mol. Pharmacol. 76, 314-326
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A Functional Role for Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Spatial Pattern Separation.
C. D. Clelland, M. Choi, C. Romberg, G. D. Clemenson Jr., A. Fragniere, P. Tyers, S. Jessberger, L. M. Saksida, R. A. Barker, F. H. Gage, et al. (2009)
Science 325, 210-213
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Induction of Neuronal Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression by cAMP in the Dentate Gyrus of the Hippocampus Is Required for Antidepressant-Like Behaviors.
J.-S. Lee, D.-J. Jang, N. Lee, H.-G. Ko, H. Kim, Y.-S. Kim, B. Kim, J. Son, S. H. Kim, H. Chung, et al. (2009)
J. Neurosci. 29, 8493-8505
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A proteomic investigation of similarities between conventional and herbal antidepressant treatments.
K Pennington, M Focking, C. McManus, C. Pariante, M. Dunn, and D. Cotter (2009)
J Psychopharmacol 23, 520-530
   Abstract »    PDF »
GABA-cAMP Response Element-Binding Protein Signaling Regulates Maturation and Survival of Newly Generated Neurons in the Adult Hippocampus.
R. Jagasia, K. Steib, E. Englberger, S. Herold, T. Faus-Kessler, M. Saxe, F. H. Gage, H. Song, and D. C. Lie (2009)
J. Neurosci. 29, 7966-7977
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A New Role for FGF2 as an Endogenous Inhibitor of Anxiety.
J. A. Perez, S. M. Clinton, C. A. Turner, S. J. Watson, and H. Akil (2009)
J. Neurosci. 29, 6379-6387
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A State-of-the-Science Review.
C. B. Nemeroff, J. D. Bremner, E. B. Foa, H. S. Mayberg, C. S. North, and M. B. Stein (2009)
Focus 7, 254-273
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Reviews: Mechanisms Mediating Brain Plasticity: IGF1 and Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis.
M. LLorens-Martin, I. Torres-Aleman, and J. L. Trejo (2009)
Neuroscientist 15, 134-148
   Abstract »    PDF »
Identification of Small-Molecule Modulators of Mouse SVZ Progenitor Cell Proliferation and Differentiation Through High-Throughput Screening.
Y. Liu, R. Lacson, J. Cassaday, D. A. Ross, A. Kreamer, E. Hudak, R. Peltier, D. Mclaren, I. Munoz-Sanjuan, F. Santini, et al. (2009)
J Biomol Screen 14, 319-329
   Abstract »    PDF »
Effects of bifeprunox and aripiprazole on rat serotonin and dopamine neuronal activity and anxiolytic behaviour.
L Dahan, H Husum, O Mnie-Filali, J Arnt, P Hertel, and N Haddjeri (2009)
J Psychopharmacol 23, 177-189
   Abstract »    PDF »
Mechanisms of Neurodegeneration and Regeneration in Alcoholism.
F. T. Crews and K. Nixon (2009)
Alcohol Alcohol. 44, 115-127
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Prolactin Prevents Chronic Stress-Induced Decrease of Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Promotes Neuronal Fate.
L. Torner, S. Karg, A. Blume, M. Kandasamy, H.-G. Kuhn, J. Winkler, L. Aigner, and I. D. Neumann (2009)
J. Neurosci. 29, 1826-1833
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Dentate gyrus-specific knockdown of adult neurogenesis impairs spatial and object recognition memory in adult rats.
S. Jessberger, R. E. Clark, N. J. Broadbent, G. D. Clemenson Jr, A. Consiglio, D. C. Lie, L. R. Squire, and F. H. Gage (2009)
Learn. Mem. 16, 147-154
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Enhanced Adult Neurogenesis and Angiogenesis and Altered Affective Behaviors in Mice Overexpressing Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor 120.
H. Udo, Y. Yoshida, T. Kino, K. Ohnuki, W. Mizunoya, T. Mukuda, and H. Sugiyama (2008)
J. Neurosci. 28, 14522-14536
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Adult Neurogenesis, Mental Health, and Mental Illness: Hope or Hype?.
A. J. Eisch, H. A. Cameron, J. M. Encinas, L. A. Meltzer, G.-L. Ming, and L. S. Overstreet-Wadiche (2008)
J. Neurosci. 28, 11785-11791
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Physical Interaction of Calmodulin with the 5-Hydroxytryptamine2C Receptor C-Terminus Is Essential for G Protein-independent, Arrestin-dependent Receptor Signaling.
M. Labasque, E. Reiter, C. Becamel, J. Bockaert, and P. Marin (2008)
Mol. Biol. Cell 19, 4640-4650
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Depression-Related Variation in Brain Morphology Over 3 Years: Effects of Stress?.
T. S. Frodl, N. Koutsouleris, R. Bottlender, C. Born, M. Jager, I. Scupin, M. Reiser, H.-J. Moller, and E. M. Meisenzahl (2008)
Arch Gen Psychiatry 65, 1156-1165
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Noggin Expands Neural Stem Cells in the Adult Hippocampus.
M. A. Bonaguidi, C.-Y. Peng, T. McGuire, G. Falciglia, K. T. Gobeske, C. Czeisler, and J. A. Kessler (2008)
J. Neurosci. 28, 9194-9204
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Antipsychotic Drugs: Comparison in Animal Models of Efficacy, Neurotransmitter Regulation, and Neuroprotection.
J. A. Lieberman, F. P. Bymaster, H. Y. Meltzer, A. Y. Deutch, G. E. Duncan, C. E. Marx, J. R. Aprille, D. S. Dwyer, X.-M. Li, S. P. Mahadik, et al. (2008)
Pharmacol. Rev. 60, 358-403
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Enhanced contextual fear memory in central serotonin-deficient mice.
J.-X. Dai, H.-L. Han, M. Tian, J. Cao, J.-B. Xiu, N.-N. Song, Y. Huang, T.-L. Xu, Y.-Q. Ding, and L. Xu (2008)
PNAS 105, 11981-11986
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Electroconvulsive seizure and VEGF increase the proliferation of neural stem-like cells in rat hippocampus.
E. Segi-Nishida, J. L. Warner-Schmidt, and R. S. Duman (2008)
PNAS 105, 11352-11357
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Cognitive Role of Neurogenesis in Depression and Antidepressant Treatment.
T. D. Perera, S. Park, and Y. Nemirovskaya (2008)
Neuroscientist 14, 326-338
   Abstract »    PDF »
Exercise-induced promotion of hippocampal cell proliferation requires {beta}-endorphin.
M. Koehl, P. Meerlo, D. Gonzales, A. Rontal, F. W. Turek, and D. N. Abrous (2008)
FASEB J 22, 2253-2262
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Leptin Increases Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Vivo and in Vitro.
J. C. Garza, M. Guo, W. Zhang, and X.-Y. Lu (2008)
J. Biol. Chem. 283, 18238-18247
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Chronic Fluoxetine Bidirectionally Modulates Potentiating Effects of Serotonin on the Hippocampal Mossy Fiber Synaptic Transmission.
K. Kobayashi, Y. Ikeda, E. Haneda, and H. Suzuki (2008)
J. Neurosci. 28, 6272-6280
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Escitalopram and Problem-Solving Therapy for Prevention of Poststroke Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
R. G. Robinson, R. E. Jorge, D. J. Moser, L. Acion, A. Solodkin, S. L. Small, P. Fonzetti, M. Hegel, and S. Arndt (2008)
JAMA 299, 2391-2400
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Latent Stem and Progenitor Cells in the Hippocampus Are Activated by Neural Excitation.
T. L. Walker, A. White, D. M. Black, R. H. Wallace, P. Sah, and P. F. Bartlett (2008)
J. Neurosci. 28, 5240-5247
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Science and Recovery in Schizophrenia.
J. A. Lieberman, R. E. Drake, L. I. Sederer, A. Belger, R. Keefe, D. Perkins, and S. Stroup (2008)
Psychiatr Serv 59, 487-496
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Antidepressant Fluoxetine Restores Plasticity in the Adult Visual Cortex.
J. F. M. Vetencourt, A. Sale, A. Viegi, L. Baroncelli, R. De Pasquale, O. F. O'Leary, E. Castren, and L. Maffei (2008)
Science 320, 385-388
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor Mediates Dopamine D2 Receptor-Induced CNS Neurogenesis in Adult Mice.
P. Yang, S. A. Arnold, A. Habas, M. Hetman, and T. Hagg (2008)
J. Neurosci. 28, 2231-2241
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Cell cycle regulation, neurogenesis, and depression.
K. A. Cunningham and C. S. Watson (2008)
PNAS 105, 2259-2260
   Full Text »    PDF »
Chronic Fluoxetine Stimulates Maturation and Synaptic Plasticity of Adult-Born Hippocampal Granule Cells.
J.-W. Wang, D. J. David, J. E. Monckton, F. Battaglia, and R. Hen (2008)
J. Neurosci. 28, 1374-1384
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
n-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation reverses stress-induced modifications on brain monoamine levels in mice.
S. Vancassel, S. Leman, L. Hanonick, S. Denis, J. Roger, M. Nollet, S. Bodard, I. Kousignian, C. Belzung, and S. Chalon (2008)
J. Lipid Res. 49, 340-348
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Mitochondrial-Mediated Apoptosis in Neural Stem Cells Exposed to Manganese.
C. Tamm, F. Sabri, and S. Ceccatelli (2008)
Toxicol. Sci. 101, 310-320
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
p21Cip1 restricts neuronal proliferation in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus.
R. N. Pechnick, S. Zonis, K. Wawrowsky, J. Pourmorady, and V. Chesnokova (2008)
PNAS 105, 1358-1363
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
IL-1 is an essential mediator of the antineurogenic and anhedonic effects of stress.
J. W. Koo and R. S. Duman (2008)
PNAS 105, 751-756
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Brain micro-ecologies: neural stem cell niches in the adult mammalian brain.
P. A Riquelme, E. Drapeau, and F. Doetsch (2008)
Phil Trans R Soc B 363, 123-137
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Major Depressive Disorder.
R.H. Belmaker and G. Agam (2008)
N. Engl. J. Med. 358, 55-68
   Full Text »    PDF »
Serotonin, the Prefrontal Cortex, and the Antidepressant-Like Effect of Cannabinoids.
F. A. Moreira (2007)
J. Neurosci. 27, 13369-13370
   Full Text »    PDF »
The Neuropeptide VGF Produces Antidepressant-Like Behavioral Effects and Enhances Proliferation in the Hippocampus.
S. Thakker-Varia, J. J. Krol, J. Nettleton, P. M. Bilimoria, D. A. Bangasser, T. J. Shors, I. B. Black, and J. Alder (2007)
J. Neurosci. 27, 12156-12167
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Diminished adult neurogenesis in the marmoset brain precedes old age.
B. Leuner, Y. Kozorovitskiy, C. G. Gross, and E. Gould (2007)
PNAS 104, 17169-17173
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
High-Speed Imaging Reveals Neurophysiological Links to Behavior in an Animal Model of Depression.
R. D. Airan, L. A. Meltzer, M. Roy, Y. Gong, H. Chen, and K. Deisseroth (2007)
Science 317, 819-823
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Neural Precursor Cells Are Protected from Apoptosis Induced by Trophic Factor Withdrawal or Genotoxic Stress by Inhibitors of Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3.
T.-Y. Eom, K. A. Roth, and R. S. Jope (2007)
J. Biol. Chem. 282, 22856-22864
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
cAMP Response Element-Binding Protein Deficiency Allows for Increased Neurogenesis and a Rapid Onset of Antidepressant Response.
T. L. Gur, A. C. Conti, J. Holden, A. J. Bechtholt, T. E. Hill, I. Lucki, J. E. Malberg, and J. A. Blendy (2007)
J. Neurosci. 27, 7860-7868
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Antidepressant-Induced Neurogenesis in the Hippocampus of Adult Nonhuman Primates.
T. D. Perera, J. D. Coplan, S. H. Lisanby, C. M. Lipira, M. Arif, C. Carpio, G. Spitzer, L. Santarelli, B. Scharf, R. Hen, et al. (2007)
J. Neurosci. 27, 4894-4901
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
GABAergic Control of Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Relation to Behavior Indicative of Trait Anxiety and Depression States.
J. C. Earnheart, C. Schweizer, F. Crestani, T. Iwasato, S. Itohara, H. Mohler, and B. Luscher (2007)
J. Neurosci. 27, 3845-3854
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Association of the Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Val66Met Polymorphism With Reduced Hippocampal Volumes in Major Depression.
T. Frodl, C. Schule, G. Schmitt, C. Born, T. Baghai, P. Zill, R. Bottlender, R. Rupprecht, B. Bondy, M. Reiser, et al. (2007)
Arch Gen Psychiatry 64, 410-416
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Antidepressants Increase Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Production through Monoamine-Independent Activation of Protein Tyrosine Kinase and Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase in Glial Cells.
K. Hisaoka, M. Takebayashi, M. Tsuchioka, N. Maeda, Y. Nakata, and S. Yamawaki (2007)
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 321, 148-157
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Efficacy of the MCHR1 Antagonist N-[3-(1-{[4-(3,4-Difluorophenoxy)phenyl]methyl}(4-piperidyl))-4-methylphenyl]-2-methylpropanamide (SNAP 94847) in Mouse Models of Anxiety and Depression following Acute and Chronic Administration Is Independent of Hippocampal Neurogenesis.
D. J. David, K. C. Klemenhagen, K. A. Holick, M. D. Saxe, I. Mendez, L. Santarelli, D. A. Craig, H. Zhong, C. J. Swanson, L. G. Hegde, et al. (2007)
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 321, 237-248
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
An in vivo correlate of exercise-induced neurogenesis in the adult dentate gyrus.
A. C. Pereira, D. E. Huddleston, A. M. Brickman, A. A. Sosunov, R. Hen, G. M. McKhann, R. Sloan, F. H. Gage, T. R. Brown, and S. A. Small (2007)
PNAS 104, 5638-5643
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Acute Psychosocial Stress Reduces Cell Survival in Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis without Altering Proliferation.
R. M. Thomas, G. Hotsenpiller, and D. A. Peterson (2007)
J. Neurosci. 27, 2734-2743
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Erythropoietin Enhances Hippocampal Response during Memory Retrieval in Humans.
K. Miskowiak, U. O'Sullivan, and C. J. Harmer (2007)
J. Neurosci. 27, 2788-2792
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
VEGF is an essential mediator of the neurogenic and behavioral actions of antidepressants.
J. L. Warner-Schmidt and R. S. Duman (2007)
PNAS 104, 4647-4652
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Paradoxical influence of hippocampal neurogenesis on working memory.
M. D. Saxe, G. Malleret, S. Vronskaya, I. Mendez, A. D. Garcia, M. V. Sofroniew, E. R. Kandel, and R. Hen (2007)
PNAS 104, 4642-4646
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Anxiety and Comorbid Measures Associated With PLXNA2.
N. R. Wray, M. R. James, S. P. Mah, M. Nelson, G. Andrews, P. F. Sullivan, G. W. Montgomery, A. J. Birley, A. Braun, and N. G. Martin (2007)
Arch Gen Psychiatry 64, 318-326
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Effects of OPC-14523, a combined sigma and 5-HT1a ligand, on pre- and post-synaptic 5-HT1a receptors.
J. E. Bermack and G. Debonnel (2007)
J Psychopharmacol 21, 85-92
   Abstract »    PDF »
Discovery of Novel Hippocampal Neurogenic Agents by Using an in Vivo Stable Isotope Labeling Technique.
M. Shankaran, C. King, J. Lee, R. Busch, M. Wolff, and M. K. Hellerstein (2006)
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 319, 1172-1181
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Ablation of hippocampal neurogenesis impairs contextual fear conditioning and synaptic plasticity in the dentate gyrus.
M. D. Saxe, F. Battaglia, J.-W. Wang, G. Malleret, D. J. David, J. E. Monckton, A. D. R. Garcia, M. V. Sofroniew, E. R. Kandel, L. Santarelli, et al. (2006)
PNAS 103, 17501-17506
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Non-psychoactive CB2 cannabinoid agonists stimulate neural progenitor proliferation.
J. Palazuelos, T. Aguado, A. Egia, R. Mechoulam, M. Guzman, and I. Galve-Roperh (2006)
FASEB J 20, 2405-2407
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Genetic variant BDNF (Val66Met) polymorphism alters anxiety-related behavior..
Z.-Y. Chen, D. Jing, K. G. Bath, A. Ieraci, T. Khan, C.-J. Siao, D. G. Herrera, M. Toth, C. Yang, B. S. McEwen, et al. (2006)
Science 314, 140-143
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Adult neurogenesis and cellular brain repair with neural progenitors, precursors and stem cells.
U Shivraj Sohur, J. G Emsley, B. D Mitchell, and J. D Macklis (2006)
Phil Trans R Soc B 361, 1477-1497
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Serotonin transport and serotonin transporter-mediated antidepressant recognition are controlled by 5-HT2B receptor signaling in serotonergic neuronal cells.
J.-M. Launay, B. Schneider, S. Loric, M. Da Prada, and O. Kellermann (2006)
FASEB J 20, 1843-1854
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
From the Cover: Neocortical neurogenesis in humans is restricted to development.
R. D. Bhardwaj, M. A. Curtis, K. L. Spalding, B. A. Buchholz, D. Fink, T. Bjork-Eriksson, C. Nordborg, F. H. Gage, H. Druid, P. S. Eriksson, et al. (2006)
PNAS 103, 12564-12568
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Receptor Regulation of Gene Expression of Axon Guidance Molecules: Implications for Adaptation.
A. K. Jassen, H. Yang, G. M. Miller, E. Calder, and B. K. Madras (2006)
Mol. Pharmacol. 70, 71-77
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Fluoxetine targets early progenitor cells in the adult brain.
J. M. Encinas, A. Vaahtokari, and G. Enikolopov (2006)
PNAS 103, 8233-8238
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Neurologic links between epilepsy and depression in women: Is hippocampal neuroplasticity the key?.
T. Hajszan and N. J. MacLusky (2006)
Neurology 66, S13-S22
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Running in pregnancy transiently increases postnatal hippocampal neurogenesis in the offspring.
A. Bick-Sander, B. Steiner, S. A. Wolf, H. Babu, and G. Kempermann (2006)
PNAS 103, 3852-3857
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Differential Gender-Related Vulnerability to Depression Induction and Converging Antidepressant Responses in Rats.
M.-K. Sun and D. L. Alkon (2006)
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 316, 926-932
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Leptin: A potential novel antidepressant.
X.-Y. Lu, C. S. Kim, A. Frazer, and W. Zhang (2006)
PNAS 103, 1593-1598
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Adult Mouse Hippocampal Progenitor Is Neurogenic But Not a Stem Cell.
N. D. Bull and P. F. Bartlett (2005)
J. Neurosci. 25, 10815-10821
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Psychiatry as a Clinical Neuroscience Discipline.
T. R. Insel and R. Quirion (2005)
JAMA 294, 2221-2224
   Full Text »    PDF »
Neuronal Differentiation in the Adult Hippocampus Recapitulates Embryonic Development.
M. S. Esposito, V. C. Piatti, D. A. Laplagne, N. A. Morgenstern, C. C. Ferrari, F. J. Pitossi, and A. F. Schinder (2005)
J. Neurosci. 25, 10074-10086
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The RRC Mandate for Residency Programs to Demonstrate Psychodynamic Psychotherapy Competency Among Residents: A Debate.
J. Yager, L. Mellman, E. Rubin, and A. Tasman (2005)
Acad Psychiatry 29, 339-349
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Young Brains on Lead: Adult Neurological Consequences?.
N. G. Pabello and V. J. Bolivar (2005)
Toxicol. Sci. 86, 211-213
   Full Text »    PDF »
Dopamine Specifically Inhibits Forebrain Neural Stem Cell Proliferation, Suggesting a Novel Effect of Antipsychotic Drugs.
T. E. Kippin, S. Kapur, and D. van der Kooy (2005)
J. Neurosci. 25, 5815-5823
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Functional Brain Imaging Alterations in Acne Patients Treated With Isotretinoin.
J. D. Bremner, N. Fani, A. Ashraf, J. R. Votaw, M. E. Brummer, T. Cummins, V. Vaccarino, M. M. Goodman, L. Reed, S. Siddiq, et al. (2005)
Am J Psychiatry 162, 983-991
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Adult Neurogenesis: From Precursors to Network and Physiology.
D. N. Abrous, M. Koehl, and M. Le Moal (2005)
Physiol Rev 85, 523-569
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder and Memory: Prescient Medicolegal Testimony at the International War Crimes Tribunal?.
L. F. Sparr and J. D. Bremner (2005)
J Am Acad Psychiatry Law 33, 71-78
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Antidepressant Drugs Have Different But Coordinated Effects on Neuronal Turnover, Proliferation, and Survival in the Adult Dentate Gyrus.
M. Sairanen, G. Lucas, P. Ernfors, M. Castren, and E. Castren (2005)
J. Neurosci. 25, 1089-1094
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Recent Studies of the Biology and Treatment of Depression.
A. F. Schatzberg (2005)
Focus 3, 14-24
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Effects of Clomipramine on Cats Presented for Urine Marking.
G. M. Landsberg and A. L. Wilson (2005)
J. Am. Anim. Hosp. Assoc. 41, 3-11
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Duration of illness and treatment effects on hippocampal volume in male patients with schizophrenia.
M. H. Chakos, S. A. Schobel, H. Gu, G. Gerig, D. Bradford, C. Charles, and J. A. Lieberman (2005)
The British Journal of Psychiatry 186, 26-31
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Signals Regulating Neurogenesis in the Adult Olfactory Bulb.
H. G. Kuhn, C. Cooper-Kuhn, P. Eriksson, and M. Nilsson (2005)
Chem Senses 30, i109-i110
   Full Text »    PDF »
5-HT1A Receptors, Gene Repression, and Depression: Guilt by Association.
P. R. Albert and S. Lemonde (2004)
Neuroscientist 10, 575-593
   Abstract »    PDF »
Hippocampal Volume and Depression: A Meta-Analysis of MRI Studies.
P. Videbech and B. Ravnkilde (2004)
Am J Psychiatry 161, 1957-1966
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Early-Life Blockade of the 5-HT Transporter Alters Emotional Behavior in Adult Mice.
M. S. Ansorge, M. Zhou, A. Lira, R. Hen, and J. A. Gingrich (2004)
Science 306, 879-881
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Temporally Specific Burst in Cell Proliferation Increases Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Protracted Abstinence from Alcohol.
K. Nixon and F. T. Crews (2004)
J. Neurosci. 24, 9714-9722
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The critical role of cyclin D2 in adult neurogenesis.
A. Kowalczyk, R. K. Filipkowski, M. Rylski, G. M. Wilczynski, F. A. Konopacki, J. Jaworski, M. A. Ciemerych, P. Sicinski, and L. Kaczmarek (2004)
J. Cell Biol. 167, 209-213
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »


To Advertise     Find Products

Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)