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Science 20 June 2003:
Vol. 300. no. 5627, pp. 1944 - 1947
DOI: 10.1126/science.1078797
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Reports

Watching a Protein as it Functions with 150-ps Time-Resolved X-ray Crystallography

Friedrich Schotte,1 Manho Lim,2 Timothy A. Jackson,3 Aleksandr V. Smirnov,1 Jayashree Soman,4 John S. Olson,4 George N. Phillips , Jr.,5 Michael Wulff,6 Philip A. Anfinrud1

We report picosecond time-resolved x-ray diffraction from the myoglobin (Mb) mutant in which Leu29 is replaced by Phe (L29Fmutant). The frame-by-frame structural evolution, resolved to 1.8 angstroms, allows one to literally "watch" the protein as it executes its function. Time-resolved mid-infrared spectroscopy of flash-photolyzed L29F MbCO revealed a short-lived CO intermediate whose 140-ps lifetime is shorter than that found in wild-type protein by a factor of 1000. The electron density maps of the protein unveil transient conformational changes far more dramatic than the structural differences between the carboxy and deoxy states and depict the correlated side-chain motion responsible for rapidly sweeping CO away from its primary docking site.

1 Laboratory of Chemical Physics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
2 Department of Chemistry, Pusan National University, Pusan, 609-735, Korea.
3 Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
4 Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rice University, Houston, TX 77251–1892, USA.
5 Biochemistry Department, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
6 European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, BP 220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex, France.

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Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)