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Science 6 June 2003:
Vol. 300. no. 5625, pp. 1563 - 1565
DOI: 10.1126/science.1083264
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Reports

Glacial Refugia: Hotspots But Not Melting Pots of Genetic Diversity

Rémy J. Petit,1* Itziar Aguinagalde,2 Jacques-Louis de Beaulieu,3 Christiane Bittkau,4{dagger} Simon Brewer,3{ddagger} Rachid Cheddadi,3 Richard Ennos,5 Silvia Fineschi,6 Delphine Grivet,1§ Martin Lascoux,7 Aparajita Mohanty,2|| Gerhard Müller-Starck,4 Brigitte Demesure-Musch,8 Anna Palmé,7 Juan Pedro Martín,2 Sarah Rendell,5 Giovanni G. Vendramin9

Glacial refuge areas are expected to harbor a large fraction of the intraspecific biodiversity of the temperate biota. To test this hypothesis, we studied chloroplast DNA variation in 22 widespread European trees and shrubs sampled in the same forests. Most species had genetically divergent populations in Mediterranean regions, especially those with low seed dispersal abilities. However, the genetically most diverse populations were not located in the south but at intermediate latitudes, a likely consequence of the admixture of divergent lineages colonizing the continent from separate refugia.

1 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR Biodiversité, Génes et Ecosystémes, F-33612 Cestas, France.
2 Departamento Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
3 Institut Méditerranéen d'Ecologie et de Paléoécologie, Facultéde St Jérôme, F-13397 Marseille, France.
4 Technische Universität München, Fachgebiet Forstgenetik, D-85354 Freising, Germany.
5 Institute of Ecology and Resource Management University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JU, Scotland, UK.
6 CNR, Istituto di Biologia Agroambientale e Forestale, I-05010 Porano-TR, Italy.
7 Department of Conservation Biology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden.
8 Office National des Forêts, Département des Recherches Techniques, Conservatoire Génétique des Arbres Forestiers, F-45160 Ardon, France.
9 CNR, Istituto di Genetica Vegetale, Sezione di Firenze, I-50134 Firenze, Italy.



{dagger} Present address: Institut für Spezielle Botanik und Botanischer Garten, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany.

{ddagger} Present address: CEREGE, Europôle Méditerranéen de l'Arbois, F-13545 Aix-en-Provence, France.

§ Present address: University of California Los Angeles, Organismic Biology, Ecology and Evolution, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA.

|| Present address: International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi-110067, India.

Present address: Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK.

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: petit{at}pierroton.inra.fr

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