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Role of Mobile DNA in the Evolution of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecalis
I. T. Paulsen,12*L. Banerjei,1G. S. A. Myers,1K. E. Nelson,1R. Seshadri,1T. D. Read,1D. E. Fouts,1J. A. Eisen,12S. R. Gill,1J. F. Heidelberg,1H. Tettelin,1R. J. Dodson,1L. Umayam,1L. Brinkac,1M. Beanan,1S. Daugherty,1R. T. DeBoy,1S. Durkin,1J. Kolonay,1R. Madupu,1W. Nelson,1J. Vamathevan,1B. Tran,1J. Upton,1T. Hansen,1J. Shetty,1H. Khouri,1T. Utterback,1D. Radune,1K. A. Ketchum,1B. A. Dougherty,1C. M. Fraser13
The complete genome sequence of Enterococcus faecalis
V583, a vancomycin-resistant clinical isolate, revealed that more thana quarter of the genome consists of probable mobile or foreignDNA. One
of the predicted mobile elements is a previously unknownvanB vancomycin-resistance conjugative transposon. Three
plasmidswere identified, including two pheromone-sensing conjugative
plasmids,one encoding a previously undescribed pheromone inhibitor.
Theapparent propensity for the incorporation of mobile elements
probablycontributed to the rapid acquisition and dissemination of drugresistance in the enterococci.
1 The Institute for Genomic Research, 9712 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
2 Johns Hopkins University, Charles and 34th
Streets, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
3 The George
Washington University School of Medicine, Departments of Pharmacology
and Microbiology and Tropical Medicine, 2300 Eye Street NW, Washington,
DC 20037, USA.
*
To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
ipaulsen{at}tigr.org
Present address: Celera Genomics, 45 West Gude Drive,
Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
Present address: Bristol-Myers Squibb PRI, 5 Research
Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA.
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