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Science 21 March 2003:
Vol. 299. no. 5614, pp. 1887 - 1889
DOI: 10.1126/science.1078607
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Reports

Hexapod Origins: Monophyletic or Paraphyletic?

Francesco Nardi,1* Giacomo Spinsanti,1 Jeffrey L. Boore,2 Antonio Carapelli,1 Romano Dallai,1 Francesco Frati1

Recent morphological and molecular evidence has changed interpretations of arthropod phylogeny and evolution. Here we compare complete mitochondrial genomes to show that Collembola, a wingless group traditionally considered as basal to all insects, appears instead to constitute a separate evolutionary lineage that branched much earlier than the separation of many crustaceans and insects and independently adapted to life on land. Therefore, the taxon Hexapoda, as commonly defined to include all six-legged arthropods, is not monophyletic.

1 Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy.
2 U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 2800 Mitchell Drive, Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA.
*   To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: nardifra{at}unisi.it

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