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Diminished Pupillary Light Reflex at High Irradiances in Melanopsin-Knockout Mice
R. J. Lucas,1*S. Hattar,2*M. Takao,3D. M. Berson,3R. G. Foster,1K.-W. Yau2
In the mammalian retina, a small subset of retinal ganglion cells
(RGCs) are intrinsically photosensitive, express the opsin-likeprotein
melanopsin, and project to brain nuclei involved in non-image-formingvisual functions such as pupillary light reflex and circadianphotoentrainment. We report that in mice with the melanopsin geneablated, RGCs retrograde-labeled from the suprachiasmatic nucleiwere
no longer intrinsically photosensitive, although their number,morphology, and projections were unchanged. These animals showeda
pupillary light reflex indistinguishable from that of the wildtype at
low irradiances, but at high irradiances the reflex wasincomplete, a
pattern that suggests that the melanopsin-associatedsystem and
the classical rod/cone system are complementary infunction.
1 Department of Integrative and Molecular
Neuroscience, Division of Neuroscience and Psychological Medicine,
Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Charing Cross Campus, St.
Dunstans Road, London W6 8RF, UK.
2 Howard Hughes
Medical Institute and Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins
University School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD
21205, USA.
3 Department of Neuroscience, Brown
University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
*
These authors contributed equally to this work.
To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
r.j.lucas{at}ic.ac.uk, kwyau{at}mail.jhmi.edu
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