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From Anchovies to Sardines and Back: Multidecadal Change in the Pacific Ocean
Francisco P. Chavez,1*John Ryan,1Salvador E. Lluch-Cota,2Miguel Ñiquen C.3
In the Pacific Ocean, air and ocean temperatures, atmospheric
carbon dioxide, landings of anchovies and sardines, and theproductivity of coastal and open ocean ecosystems have variedover
periods of about 50 years. In the mid-1970s, the Pacificchanged from a
cool "anchovy regime" to a warm "sardine regime."A shift back
to an anchovy regime occurred in the middle to late1990s. These
large-scale, naturally occurring variations mustbe taken into account
when considering human-induced climate changeand the management of
ocean living resources.
1 Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute,
7700 Sandholdt Road, Moss Landing, CA 95039, USA.
2 Fisheries Program, Northwest Biological Research
Center, Post Office Box 128, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico.
3 Instituto del Mar del Perú, Esq. Gamarra y
Valle S/N, Apartado 22 Callao, Perú.
*
To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
chfr{at}mbari.org
The editors suggest the following Related Resources on Science sites:
In Science Magazine
LETTERS
John G. Williams;, Francisco P. Chavez, John Ryan, Salvador E. Lluch-Cota, and Miguel Ñiquen C. (27 June 2003) Science300 (5628), 2032.
[DOI: 10.1126/science.300.5628.2032] |Full Text »|PDF »
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