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Grassland Responses to Global Environmental Changes Suppressed by Elevated CO2
M. Rebecca Shaw,1*Erika S. Zavaleta,12Nona R. Chiariello,3Elsa E. Cleland,12Harold A. Mooney,2Christopher B. Field1
Simulated global changes, including warming, increased
precipitation, and nitrogen deposition, alone and in concert, increasednet primary production (NPP) in the third year of ecosystem-scalemanipulations in a California annual grassland. Elevated carbondioxide
also increased NPP, but only as a single-factor treatment.Across all
multifactor manipulations, elevated carbon dioxidesuppressed root
allocation, decreasing the positive effects ofincreased temperature,
precipitation, and nitrogen depositionon NPP. The NPP responses to
interacting global changes differedgreatly from simple combinations of
single-factor responses. Thesefindings indicate the importance of a
multifactor experimentalapproach to understanding ecosystem responses
to global change.
1 Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie
Institution of Washington, 260 Panama Street, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
2 Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford
University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
3 Jasper Ridge
Biological Preserve, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
*
To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
shaw{at}globalecology.stanford.edu
Present address: The Nature Conservancy of California,
201 Mission Street, 4th floor, San Francisco, CA 94105-1832, USA.
Present address: The Nature Conservancy of California
and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California,
Berkeley,CA 94720, USA.
The editors suggest the following Related Resources on Science sites:
In Science Magazine
LETTERS
Charles E. Mitchell, Peter B. Reich;, Jesse H. Ausubel, Paul E. Waggoner;, Christopher B. Field, M. Rebecca Shaw, Harold A. Mooney, Erika S. Zavaleta, Nona R. Chiariello, and Elsa E. Cleland (21 March 2003) Science299 (5614), 1844.
[DOI: 10.1126/science.299.5614.1844] |Full Text »|PDF »
PERSPECTIVES
Jack A. Morgan (6 December 2002) Science298 (5600), 1903.
[DOI: 10.1126/science.1079808] |Summary »|Full Text »|PDF »
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