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Science 6 December 2002:
Vol. 298. no. 5600, pp. 1911 - 1912
DOI: 10.1126/science.1072682
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Review

Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathways Mediated by ERK, JNK, and p38 Protein Kinases

Gary L. Johnson,* Razvan Lapadat

Multicellular organisms have three well-characterized subfamilies of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) that control a vast array of physiological processes. These enzymes are regulated by a characteristic phosphorelay system in which a series of three protein kinases phosphorylate and activate one another. The extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) function in the control of cell division, and inhibitors of these enzymes are being explored as anticancer agents. The c-Jun amino-terminal kinases (JNKs) are critical regulators of transcription, and JNK inhibitors may be effective in control of rheumatoid arthritis. The p38 MAPKs are activated by inflammatory cytokines and environmental stresses and may contribute to diseases like asthma and autoimmunity.

Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80262, USA.
*   To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: gary.johnson{at}uchsc.edu

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G Protein beta{gamma} Subunits Augment UVB-induced Apoptosis by Stimulating the Release of Soluble Heparin-binding Epidermal Growth Factor from Human Keratinocytes.
M. Seo, M.-J. Lee, J. H. Heo, Y.-I. Lee, Y. Kim, S.-Y. Kim, E.-S. Lee, and Y.-S. Juhnn (2007)
J. Biol. Chem. 282, 24720-24730
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Lysophosphatidic Acid Regulates Trafficking of beta2-Adrenergic Receptors: THE G{alpha}13/p115RhoGEF/JNK PATHWAY STIMULATES RECEPTOR INTERNALIZATION.
E. Shumay, J. Tao, H.-y. Wang, and C. C. Malbon (2007)
J. Biol. Chem. 282, 21529-21541
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Mechanisms of induction of endothelial cell E-selectin expression by smooth muscle cells and its inhibition by shear stress.
J.-J. Chiu, L.-J. Chen, C.-I Lee, P.-L. Lee, D.-Y. Lee, M.-C. Tsai, C.-W. Lin, S. Usami, and S. Chien (2007)
Blood 110, 519-528
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
p38 MAP Kinase Pathway and Stromelysin Regulation in Trabecular Meshwork Cells.
M. J. Kelley, A. Rose, K. Song, B. Lystrup, J. W. Samples, and T. S. Acott (2007)
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 48, 3126-3137
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Attenuation of Ozone-Induced Airway Inflammation and Hyper-Responsiveness by c-Jun NH2 Terminal Kinase Inhibitor SP600125.
A. S. Williams, R. Issa, S. Y. Leung, P. Nath, G. D. Ferguson, B. L. Bennett, I. M. Adcock, and K. F. Chung (2007)
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 322, 351-359
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Critical role of c-jun (NH2) terminal kinase in paracetamol- induced acute liver failure.
N. C Henderson, K. J Pollock, J. Frew, A. C Mackinnon, R. A Flavell, R. J Davis, T. Sethi, and K. J Simpson (2007)
Gut 56, 982-990
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Signaling Pathways for Germ Cell Death in Adult Cynomolgus Monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) Induced by Mild Testicular Hyperthermia and Exogenous Testosterone Treatment.
Y. Jia, A. P. S. Hikim, Y.-H. Lue, R. S. Swerdloff, Y. Vera, X.-S. Zhang, Z.-Y. Hu, Y.-C. Li, Y.-X. Liu, and C. Wang (2007)
Biol Reprod 77, 83-92
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Helicobacter pylori Stimulates Gastric Epithelial Cell MMP-1 Secretion via CagA-dependent and -independent ERK Activation.
M. H. Pillinger, N. Marjanovic, S.-Y. Kim, Y.-C. Lee, J. U. Scher, J. Roper, A. M. Abeles, P. I. Izmirly, M. Axelrod, M. Y. Pillinger, et al. (2007)
J. Biol. Chem. 282, 18722-18731
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Integrin {beta}3 Leu33Pro polymorphism increases BRCA1-associated ovarian cancer risk.
A. Jakubowska, J. Gronwald, J. Menkiszak, B. Gorski, T. Huzarski, T. Byrski, L. Edler, J. Lubinski, R. J Scott, and U. Hamann (2007)
J. Med. Genet. 44, 408-411
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Statins Activate Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor {gamma} Through Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 1/2 and p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase-Dependent Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression in Macrophages.
M. Yano, T. Matsumura, T. Senokuchi, N. Ishii, Y. Murata, K. Taketa, H. Motoshima, T. Taguchi, K. Sonoda, D. Kukidome, et al. (2007)
Circ. Res. 100, 1442-1451
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Activation of MAP kinase p38 is critical for the cell-cycle-controlled suppressor function of regulatory T cells.
H. S. Adler, S. Kubsch, E. Graulich, S. Ludwig, J. Knop, and K. Steinbrink (2007)
Blood 109, 4351-4359
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Age-Related Increase of Insoluble, Phosphorylated Small Heat Shock Proteins in Human Skeletal Muscle.
T. Yamaguchi, H. Arai, N. Katayama, T. Ishikawa, K. Kikumoto, and Y. Atomi (2007)
J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 62, 481-489
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway Is Involved in Protein Kinase C{alpha}-Regulated Invasion in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells.
Y.-H. Hsieh, T.-T. Wu, C.-Y. Huang, Y.-S. Hsieh, J.-M. Hwang, and J.-Y. Liu (2007)
Cancer Res. 67, 4320-4327
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »


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