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Emerging Roles of Presynaptic Proteins in Ca++-Triggered Exocytosis
Jens Rettig,1Erwin Neher2
Molecules involved in late steps of neurotransmitter release at
the synapse can be examined by noting the two speeds of thecomponents
of the exocytotic burst that are triggered by an increasein free
Ca++. From studies of Ca++-dependent exocytosis
of large dense-core vesicles in chromaffincells, it seems that
initiation of the SNARE complex is the molecularevent underlying the
priming process and that Munc13 acts as apriming factor by opening
syntaxin. If synaptic mechanisms aresimilar, much could be learned
from the molecular and kineticstudies that can be performed in
chromaffin cells. The twinningof techiques from biophysics and
molecular biology has led toremarkable progress in understanding the
molecular mechanismsof synaptic transmission. Here we review the
current picture ofCa++-triggered exocytosis, which has
emerged from studies of a simplecellular model, the adrenal chromaffin
cell. We discuss the molecularplayers that have been assigned a
specific role in a particularstep of this process and give a brief
outlook on what these insightsmight tell us about mechanisms of
short-term plasticity at classicalsynapses.
1 Department of Physiology, Saarland University,
Homburg, 66421 Germany. E-mail: jrettig{at}uniklinik-saarland.de 2 Department of Membrane Biophysics, Max-Planck-Institute
for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, 37077 Germany. E-mail:
eneher{at}gwdg.de
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