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Originally published in Science Express on 12 September 2002
Science 18 October 2002:
Vol. 298. no. 5593, pp. 597 - 600
DOI: 10.1126/science.1072530
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Reports

"Stemness": Transcriptional Profiling of Embryonic and Adult Stem Cells

Miguel Ramalho-Santos,1 Soonsang Yoon,2 Yumi Matsuzaki,2 Richard C. Mulligan,2 Douglas A. Melton1*

The transcriptional profiles of mouse embryonic, neural, and hematopoietic stem cells were compared to define a genetic program for stem cells. A total of 216 genes are enriched in all three types of stem cells, and several of these genes are clustered in the genome. When compared to differentiated cell types, stem cells express a significantly higher number of genes (represented by expressed sequence tags) whose functions are unknown. Embryonic and neural stem cells have many similarities at the transcriptional level. These results provide a foundation for a more detailed understanding of stem cell biology.

1 Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
2 Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
*   To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: dmelton{at}mcb.harvard.edu

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Endomucin, a CD34-like sialomucin, marks hematopoietic stem cells throughout development.
A. Matsubara, A. Iwama, S. Yamazaki, C. Furuta, R. Hirasawa, Y. Morita, M. Osawa, T. Motohashi, K. Eto, H. Ema, et al. (2005)
J. Exp. Med. 202, 1483-1492
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A Novel Role for GADD45{beta} as a Mediator of MMP-13 Gene Expression during Chondrocyte Terminal Differentiation.
K. Ijiri, L. F. Zerbini, H. Peng, R. G. Correa, B. Lu, N. Walsh, Y. Zhao, N. Taniguchi, X.-L. Huang, H. Otu, et al. (2005)
J. Biol. Chem. 280, 38544-38555
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Cellular differentiation hierarchies in normal and culture-adapted human embryonic stem cells.
T. Enver, S. Soneji, C. Joshi, J. Brown, F. Iborra, T. Orntoft, T. Thykjaer, E. Maltby, K. Smith, R. A. Dawud, et al. (2005)
Hum. Mol. Genet. 14, 3129-3140
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Global transcriptional characterization of SP and MP cells from the myogenic C2C12 cell line: effect of FGF6.
C. Decraene, R. Benchaouir, M.-A. Dillies, D. Israeli, S. Bortoli, C. Rochon, P. Rameau, A. Pitaval, D. T.-L. Roux, O. Danos, et al. (2005)
Physiol Genomics 23, 132-149
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Heat-shock protein 60 is required for blastema formation and maintenance during regeneration.
S. Makino, G. G. Whitehead, C.-L. Lien, S. Kim, P. Jhawar, A. Kono, Y. Kawata, and M. T. Keating (2005)
PNAS 102, 14599-14604
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Diversification of stem cell molecular repertoire by alternative splicing.
M. Pritsker, T. T. Doniger, L. C. Kramer, S. E. Westcot, and I. R. Lemischka (2005)
PNAS 102, 14290-14295
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Novel pathway for megakaryocyte production after in vivo conditional eradication of integrin {alpha}IIb-expressing cells.
B. Jacquelin, T. Kortulewski, P. Vaigot, A. Pawlik, G. Gruel, O. Alibert, P. Soularue, C. Joubert, X. Gidrol, and D. T.-L. Roux (2005)
Blood 106, 1965-1974
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c-Myc Is Required for the Formation of Intestinal Crypts but Dispensable for Homeostasis of the Adult Intestinal Epithelium.
M. D. Bettess, N. Dubois, M. J. Murphy, C. Dubey, C. Roger, S. Robine, and A. Trumpp (2005)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 25, 7868-7878
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Activation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 in Bone Marrow Leads to Accumulation of Myeloid Cells: Role of Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor.
B. Larrivee, I. Pollet, and A. Karsan (2005)
J. Immunol. 175, 3015-3024
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Distinctive nuclear organisation of centromeres and regions involved in pluripotency in human embryonic stem cells.
A. E. Wiblin, W. Cui, A. J. Clark, and W. A. Bickmore (2005)
J. Cell Sci. 118, 3861-3868
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Regulation of cellular plasticity in Drosophila imaginal disc cells by the Polycomb group, trithorax group and lama genes.
A. Klebes, A. Sustar, K. Kechris, H. Li, G. Schubiger, and T. B. Kornberg (2005)
Development 132, 3753-3765
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