Related Content
Search Google Scholar for:
More Information
Related Jobs from ScienceCareers
|
|
Science 13 September 2002: Vol. 297. no. 5588, pp. 1856 - 1858 DOI: 10.1126/science.1075270
|
|
Reports
A Major Archean, Gold- and Crust-Forming Event in the Kaapvaal Craton, South Africa
Jason Kirk,1*
Joaquin Ruiz,1
John Chesley,1
John Walshe,2
Gavin England3
The 2.89- to 2.76-gigayear-old conglomerates of
the Central Rand Group of South Africa host an immense concentration of
gold. The gold and rounded pyrites from the conglomerates yield a
rhenium-osmium isochron age of 3.03 ± 0.02 gigayears and an
initial 187Os/188Os ratio of 0.1079 ± 0.0001. This age is older than that of the conglomerates. Thus, the
gold is detrital and was not deposited by later hydrothermal
fluids. This Middle Archean gold mineralization event corresponds to a
period of rapid crustal growth in which much of the Kaapvaal craton was
formed and is evidence for a significant noble metal flux from the
mantle.
1 Department of Geosciences, University of
Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
2 Commonwealth
Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Division of
Exploration and Mining, 39 Fairway, Nedlands 6009, Western Australia.
3 Geology and Geophysics Department, University of
Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JW UK.
*
To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
jkirk{at}geo.arizona.edu
Read the Full Text
THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES:
- Geochemical and Geochronological Constraints on the Nature of the Immediate Basement next to the Mesoarchaean Auriferous Witwatersrand Basin, South Africa.
- H. E. Frimmel, A. Zeh, B. Lehrmann, D. Hallbauer, and W. Frank (2009)
J. Petrology
| Abstract »
| Full Text »
| PDF »
- Mafic dikes displacing Witwatersrand gold reefs: Evidence against metamorphic-hydrothermal ore formation.
- D. L. Meier, C. A. Heinrich, and M. A. Watts (2009)
Geology
37, 607-610
| Abstract »
| Full Text »
| PDF »
- Mineral evolution.
- R. M. Hazen, D. Papineau, W. Bleeker, R. T. Downs, J. M. Ferry, T. J. McCoy, D. A. Sverjensky, and H. Yang (2008)
American Mineralogist
93, 1693-1720
| Abstract »
| Full Text »
| PDF »
- Applications of PGE Radioisotope Systems in Geo- and Cosmochemistry.
- R. W. Carlson, S. B. Shirey, and M. Schonbachler (2008)
Elements
4, 239-245
| Abstract »
| Full Text »
| PDF »
- Effects of Mother Lode-Type Gold Mineralization on 187Os/188Os and Platinum Group Element Concentrations in Peridotite: Alleghany District, California.
- R. J. Walker, J. K. Bohlke, W. F. McDonough, and J. Li (2007)
Economic Geology
102, 1079-1089
| Abstract »
| Full Text »
| PDF »
- Progressive evolution of a late orogenic thrust system, from duplex development to extensional reactivation and disruption: Witwatersrand Basin, South Africa.
- S. J. Jolley, G. W. Stuart, S. R. Freeman, R. J. Knipe, D. Kershaw, E. McAllister, A. C. Barnicoat, and R. F. Tucker (2007)
Geological Society, London, Special Publications
272, 543-569
| Abstract »
| PDF »
- Early evolution of atmospheric oxygen from multiple-sulfur and carbon isotope records of the 2.9 Ga Mozaan Group of the Pongola Supergroup, Southern Africa.
- S. Ono, N. J. Beukes, D. Rumble, and M. L. Fogel (2006)
South African Journal of Geology
109, 97-108
| Abstract »
| Full Text »
| PDF »
- The sedimentary setting of Witwatersrand placer mineral deposits in an Archean atmosphere.
- W. E. L. Minter (2006)
Geological Society of America Memoirs
198, 105-119
| Abstract »
| Full Text »
| PDF »
- Witwatersrand gold-pyrite-uraninite deposits do not support a reducing Archean atmosphere.
- J. Law and N. Phillips (2006)
Geological Society of America Memoirs
198, 121-141
| Abstract »
| Full Text »
| PDF »
- Conditions of gold remobilization in the Ventersdorp Contact Reef, Witwatersrand Basin, South Africa.
- R. H. Boer and W. Uwe Reimold (2006)
Geological Society of America Special Papers
405, 387-402
| Abstract »
| Full Text »
| PDF »
- Rhenium-Osmium Geochronology of Arsenopyrite in Meguma Group Gold Deposits, Meguma Terrane, Nova Scotia, Canada: Evidence for Multiple Gold-Mineralizing Events.
- R. M. Morelli, R. A. Creaser, D. Selby, D. J. Kontak, and R. J. Horne (2005)
Economic Geology
100, 1229-1242
| Abstract »
| Full Text »
| PDF »
- 100th Anniversary Special Paper: Secular Changes in Global Tectonic Processes and Their Influence on the Temporal Distribution of Gold-Bearing Mineral Deposits.
- D. I. Groves, K. C. Condie, R. J. Goldfarb, J. M.A. Hronsky, and R. M. Vielreicher (2005)
Economic Geology
100, 203-224
| Abstract »
| Full Text »
| PDF »
- Controls on the heterogeneous distribution of mineral deposits through time.
- D. I. Groves, R. M. Vielreicher, R. J. Goldfarb, and K. C. Condie (2005)
Geological Society, London, Special Publications
248, 71-101
| Abstract »
| PDF »
- Re-Os Sulfide Geochronology of the Red Dog Sediment-Hosted Zn-Pb-Ag Deposit, Brooks Range, Alaska.
- R. M. Morelli, R. A. Creaser, D. Selby, K. D. Kelley, D. L. Leach, and A. R. King (2004)
Economic Geology
99, 1569-1576
| Abstract »
| Full Text »
| PDF »
- SHRIMP U-Pb zircon ages of granitoids from the Western Domain of the Kaapvaal Craton, Southeastern Botswana: implications for crustal evolution.
- R.B.M. Mapeo, R.A. Armstrong, A.B. Kampunzu, and L.V. Ramokate (2004)
South African Journal of Geology
107, 159-172
| Abstract »
| Full Text »
| PDF »
- Crustal structures across the central Kaapvaal craton from deep-seismic reflection data.
- M. de Wit and J. Tinker (2004)
South African Journal of Geology
107, 185-206
| Abstract »
| Full Text »
| PDF »
|
|