Note to users. If you're seeing this message, it means that your browser cannot find this page's style/presentation instructions -- or possibly that you are using a browser that does not support current Web standards. Find out more about why this message is appearing, and what you can do to make your experience of our site the best it can be.

Site Tools

  • AAAS
  • Subscribe
  • Feedback

Site Search

Search Advanced

Science 2 August 2002:
Vol. 297. no. 5582, pp. 793 - 797
DOI: 10.1126/science.1072831
Prev | Table of Contents | Next

Review

Plant Development: Regulation by Protein Degradation

Hanjo Hellmann,* Mark Estelledagger ddagger

Many aspects of eukaryotic development depend on regulated protein degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. This highly conserved pathway promotes covalent attachment of ubiquitin to protein substrates through the sequential action of three enzymes called a ubiquitin-activating enzyme (E1), a ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (E2), and a ubiquitin-protein ligase (E3). Most ubiquitinated proteins are then targeted for degradation by the 26S proteasome. Recent studies have also shown that the ubiquitin-related protein RUB/Nedd8 and the proteasome-related COP9 signalosome complex cooperate with the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway to promote protein degradation. Most of these components are conserved in all three eukaryotic kingdoms. However, the known targets of the pathway in plants, and the developmental processes they regulate, are specific to the plant kingdom.

Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
*   Present address: Institut für Angewandte Genetik, Molekulare Entwicklungsbiologie der Pflanzen, Albrecht-Thaer Weg 7, 14195 Berlin, Germany.

dagger    Present address: Myers Hall, Indiana University, 915 East Third Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.

ddagger    To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: mestelle{at}bio.indiana.edu

Read the Full Text


THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES:
The Arabidopsis RING Finger E3 Ligase RHA2a Is a Novel Positive Regulator of Abscisic Acid Signaling during Seed Germination and Early Seedling Development.
Q. Bu, H. Li, Q. Zhao, H. Jiang, Q. Zhai, J. Zhang, X. Wu, J. Sun, Q. Xie, D. Wang, et al. (2009)
Plant Physiology 150, 463-481
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Evolution of F-box genes in plants: Different modes of sequence divergence and their relationships with functional diversification.
G. Xu, H. Ma, M. Nei, and H. Kong (2009)
PNAS 106, 835-840
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Histone H2B Monoubiquitination in the Chromatin of FLOWERING LOCUS C Regulates Flowering Time in Arabidopsis.
Y. Cao, Y. Dai, S. Cui, and L. Ma (2008)
PLANT CELL 20, 2586-2602
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
HC-Pro Protein of Potato Virus Y Can Interact with Three Arabidopsis 20S Proteasome Subunits In Planta.
Y. Jin, D. Ma, J. Dong, J. Jin, D. Li, C. Deng, and T. Wang (2007)
J. Virol. 81, 12881-12888
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
SDIR1 Is a RING Finger E3 Ligase That Positively Regulates Stress-Responsive Abscisic Acid Signaling in Arabidopsis.
Y. Zhang, C. Yang, Y. Li, N. Zheng, H. Chen, Q. Zhao, T. Gao, H. Guo, and Q. Xie (2007)
PLANT CELL 19, 1912-1929
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Light and Metabolic Signals Control the Selective Degradation of Sucrose Synthase in Maize Leaves during Deetiolation.
Q.-S. Qiu, S. C. Hardin, J. Mace, T. P. Brutnell, and S. C. Huber (2007)
Plant Physiology 144, 468-478
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A Membrane-Bound NAC Transcription Factor Regulates Cell Division in Arabidopsis.
Y.-S. Kim, S.-G. Kim, J.-E. Park, H.-Y. Park, M.-H. Lim, N.-H. Chua, and C.-M. Park (2006)
PLANT CELL 18, 3132-3144
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
SUMO-Conjugating and SUMO-Deconjugating Enzymes from Arabidopsis.
T. Colby, A. Matthai, A. Boeckelmann, and H.-P. Stuible (2006)
Plant Physiology 142, 318-332
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
An Iron-induced Nitric Oxide Burst Precedes Ubiquitin-dependent Protein Degradation for Arabidopsis AtFer1 Ferritin Gene Expression.
N. Arnaud, I. Murgia, J. Boucherez, J.-F. Briat, F. Cellier, and F. Gaymard (2006)
J. Biol. Chem. 281, 23579-23588
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR8 Is a Negative Regulator of Fruit Initiation in Arabidopsis.
M. Goetz, A. Vivian-Smith, S. D. Johnson, and A. M. Koltunow (2006)
PLANT CELL 18, 1873-1886
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Roles of the Ubiquitin/Proteasome Pathway in Pollen Tube Growth with Emphasis on MG132-Induced Alterations in Ultrastructure, Cytoskeleton, and Cell Wall Components.
X. Sheng, Z. Hu, H. Lu, X. Wang, F. Baluska, J. Samaj, and J. Lin (2006)
Plant Physiology 141, 1578-1590
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A Mutation in the Anticodon of a Single tRNAala Is Sufficient to Confer Auxin Resistance in Arabidopsis.
J. Perry, X. Dai, and Y. Zhao (2005)
Plant Physiology 139, 1284-1290
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The RPN1 Subunit of the 26S Proteasome in Arabidopsis Is Essential for Embryogenesis.
V. Brukhin, J. Gheyselinck, V. Gagliardini, P. Genschik, and U. Grossniklaus (2005)
PLANT CELL 17, 2723-2737
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Characterization of Terfestatin A, a New Specific Inhibitor for Auxin Signaling.
A. Yamazoe, K.-i. Hayashi, S. Kepinski, O. Leyser, and H. Nozaki (2005)
Plant Physiology 139, 779-789
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A microarray analysis of the rice transcriptome and its comparison to Arabidopsis.
L. Ma, C. Chen, X. Liu, Y. Jiao, N. Su, L. Li, X. Wang, M. Cao, N. Sun, X. Zhang, et al. (2005)
Genome Res. 15, 1274-1283
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
RAC GTPases in Tobacco and Arabidopsis Mediate Auxin-Induced Formation of Proteolytically Active Nuclear Protein Bodies That Contain AUX/IAA Proteins.
L.-z. Tao, A. Y. Cheung, C. Nibau, and H.-m. Wu (2005)
PLANT CELL 17, 2369-2383
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The AIP2 E3 ligase acts as a novel negative regulator of ABA signaling by promoting ABI3 degradation.
X. Zhang, V. Garreton, and N.-H. Chua (2005)
Genes & Dev. 19, 1532-1543
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
PIRLs: A Novel Class of Plant Intracellular Leucine-rich Repeat Proteins.
N. R. Forsthoefel, K. Cutler, M. D. Port, T. Yamamoto, and D. M. Vernon (2005)
Plant Cell Physiol. 46, 913-922
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Immunopurification of Polyribosomal Complexes of Arabidopsis for Global Analysis of Gene Expression.
M. E. Zanetti, I.-F. Chang, F. Gong, D. W. Galbraith, and J. Bailey-Serres (2005)
Plant Physiology 138, 624-635
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Arabidopsis Has Two Redundant Cullin3 Proteins That Are Essential for Embryo Development and That Interact with RBX1 and BTB Proteins to Form Multisubunit E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Complexes in Vivo.
P. Figueroa, G. Gusmaroli, G. Serino, J. Habashi, L. Ma, Y. Shen, S. Feng, M. Bostick, J. Callis, H. Hellmann, et al. (2005)
PLANT CELL 17, 1180-1195
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Overlaps in the Transcriptional Profiles of Medicago truncatula Roots Inoculated with Two Different Glomus Fungi Provide Insights into the Genetic Program Activated during Arbuscular Mycorrhiza.
N. Hohnjec, M. F. Vieweg, A. Puhler, A. Becker, and H. Kuster (2005)
Plant Physiology 137, 1283-1301
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A Novel Dwarfing Mutation in a Green Revolution Gene from Brassica rapa.
A. Muangprom, S. G. Thomas, T.-p. Sun, and T. C. Osborn (2005)
Plant Physiology 137, 931-938
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Generation of Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) for Gene Discovery and Marker Development in Cultivated Peanut.
M. Luo, P. Dang, B. Z. Guo, G. He, C. C. Holbrook, M. G. Bausher, and R. D. Lee (2005)
Crop Sci. 45, 346-353
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Expression Profiling in Medicago truncatula Identifies More Than 750 Genes Differentially Expressed during Nodulation, Including Many Potential Regulators of the Symbiotic Program.
F. El Yahyaoui, H. Kuster, B. Ben Amor, N. Hohnjec, A. Puhler, A. Becker, J. Gouzy, T. Vernie, C. Gough, A. Niebel, et al. (2004)
Plant Physiology 136, 3159-3176
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Related to Ubiquitin 1 and 2 Are Redundant and Essential and Regulate Vegetative Growth, Auxin Signaling, and Ethylene Production in Arabidopsis.
M. Bostick, S. R. Lochhead, A. Honda, S. Palmer, and J. Callis (2004)
PLANT CELL 16, 2418-2432
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Detection of 91 potential conserved plant microRNAs in Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa identifies important target genes.
E. Bonnet, J. Wuyts, P. Rouze, and Y. Van de Peer (2004)
PNAS 101, 11511-11516
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Arabidopsis F-Box Protein SLEEPY1 Targets Gibberellin Signaling Repressors for Gibberellin-Induced Degradation.
A. Dill, S. G. Thomas, J. Hu, C. M. Steber, and T.-p. Sun (2004)
PLANT CELL 16, 1392-1405
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The HALTED ROOT gene encoding the 26S proteasome subunit RPT2a is essential for the maintenance of Arabidopsis meristems.
M. Ueda, K. Matsui, S. Ishiguro, R. Sano, T. Wada, I. Paponov, K. Palme, and K. Okada (2004)
Development 131, 2101-2111
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Arabidopsis EIN3-binding F-box 1 and 2 form ubiquitin-protein ligases that repress ethylene action and promote growth by directing EIN3 degradation.
J. M. Gagne, J. Smalle, D. J. Gingerich, J. M. Walker, S.-D. Yoo, S. Yanagisawa, and R. D. Vierstra (2004)
PNAS 101, 6803-6808
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Purification of the Arabidopsis 26 S Proteasome: BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR ANALYSES REVEALED THE PRESENCE OF MULTIPLE ISOFORMS.
P. Yang, H. Fu, J. Walker, C. M. Papa, J. Smalle, Y.-M. Ju, and R. D. Vierstra (2004)
J. Biol. Chem. 279, 6401-6413
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
MASSUGU2 Encodes Aux/IAA19, an Auxin-Regulated Protein That Functions Together with the Transcriptional Activator NPH4/ARF7 to Regulate Differential Growth Responses of Hypocotyl and Formation of Lateral Roots in Arabidopsis thaliana.
K. Tatematsu, S. Kumagai, H. Muto, A. Sato, M. K. Watahiki, R. M. Harper, E. Liscum, and K. T. Yamamoto (2004)
PLANT CELL 16, 379-393
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The ASK1 and ASK2 Genes Are Essential for Arabidopsis Early Development.
F. Liu, W. Ni, M. E. Griffith, Z. Huang, C. Chang, W. Peng, H. Ma, and D. Xie (2004)
PLANT CELL 16, 5-20
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A Nuclear Protease Required for Flowering-Time Regulation in Arabidopsis Reduces the Abundance of SMALL UBIQUITIN-RELATED MODIFIER Conjugates.
G. Murtas, P. H. Reeves, Y.-F. Fu, I. Bancroft, C. Dean, and G. Coupland (2003)
PLANT CELL 15, 2308-2319
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
SIR1, an Upstream Component in Auxin Signaling Identified by Chemical Genetics.
Y. Zhao, X. Dai, H. E. Blackwell, S. L. Schreiber, and J. Chory (2003)
Science 301, 1107-1110
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
AtCHIP, a U-Box-Containing E3 Ubiquitin Ligase, Plays a Critical Role in Temperature Stress Tolerance in Arabidopsis.
J. Yan, J. Wang, Q. Li, J. R. Hwang, C. Patterson, and H. Zhang (2003)
Plant Physiology 132, 861-869
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Transcription Factor IIB (TFIIB)-Related Protein (pBrp), a Plant-Specific Member of the TFIIB-Related Protein Family.
T. Lagrange, M.-A. Hakimi, D. Pontier, F. Courtois, J. P. Alcaraz, D. Grunwald, E. Lam, and S. Lerbs-Mache (2003)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 23, 3274-3286
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Cross-talk in Plant Hormone Signalling: What Arabidopsis Mutants Are Telling Us.
S. GAZZARRINI and P. MCCOURT (2003)
Ann. Bot. 91, 605-612
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Arabidopsis SLEEPY1 Gene Encodes a Putative F-Box Subunit of an SCF E3 Ubiquitin Ligase.
K. M. McGinnis, S. G. Thomas, J. D. Soule, L. C. Strader, J. M. Zale, T.-p. Sun, and C. M. Steber (2003)
PLANT CELL 15, 1120-1130
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Isolation of tobacco ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme cDNA in a yeast two-hybrid system with tobacco ERF3 as bait and its characterization of specific interaction.
T. Koyama, T. Okada, S. Kitajima, M. Ohme-Takagi, H. Shinshi, and F. Sato (2003)
J. Exp. Bot. 54, 1175-1181
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
ARC1 Is an E3 Ubiquitin Ligase and Promotes the Ubiquitination of Proteins during the Rejection of Self-Incompatible Brassica Pollen.
S. L. Stone, E. M. Anderson, R. T. Mullen, and D. R. Goring (2003)
PLANT CELL 15, 885-898
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Pleiotropic Role of the 26S Proteasome Subunit RPN10 in Arabidopsis Growth and Development Supports a Substrate-Specific Function in Abscisic Acid Signaling.
J. Smalle, J. Kurepa, P. Yang, T. J. Emborg, E. Babiychuk, S. Kushnir, and R. D. Vierstra (2003)
PLANT CELL 15, 965-980
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Analysis of the mutational effects of the COP/DET/FUS loci on genome expression profiles reveals their overlapping yet not identical roles in regulating Arabidopsis seedling development.
L. Ma, H. Zhao, and X. W. Deng (2003)
Development 130, 969-981
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Arabidopsis Mutant alh1 Illustrates a Cross Talk between Ethylene and Auxin.
F. Vandenbussche, J. Smalle, J. Le, N. J. M. Saibo, A. De Paepe, L. Chaerle, O. Tietz, R. Smets, L. J.J. Laarhoven, F. J.M. Harren, et al. (2003)
Plant Physiology 131, 1228-1238
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Roles of Auxin Response Factor Domains in Auxin-Responsive Transcription.
S. B. Tiwari, G. Hagen, and T. Guilfoyle (2003)
PLANT CELL 15, 533-543
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Arabidopsis E2Fc Functions in Cell Division and Is Degraded by the Ubiquitin-SCFAtSKP2 Pathway in Response to Light.
J. C. del Pozo, M. B. Boniotti, and C. Gutierrez (2002)
PLANT CELL 14, 3057-3071
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »


To Advertise     Find Products

Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)