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Science 28 June 2002:
Vol. 296. no. 5577, pp. 2376 - 2379
DOI: 10.1126/science.1071278
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Reports

50 Million Years of Genomic Stasis in Endosymbiotic Bacteria

Ivica Tamas,1* Lisa Klasson,1* Björn Canbäck,1 A. Kristina Näslund,1 Ann-Sofie Eriksson,1 Jennifer J. Wernegreen,2 Jonas P. Sandström,1 Nancy A. Moran,2 Siv G. E. Andersson1dagger

Comparison of two fully sequenced genomes of Buchnera aphidicola, the obligate endosymbionts of aphids, reveals the most extreme genome stability to date: no chromosome rearrangements or gene acquisitions have occurred in the past 50 to 70 million years, despite substantial sequence evolution and the inactivation and loss of individual genes. In contrast, the genomes of their closest free-living relatives, Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp., are more than 2000-fold more labile in content and gene order. The genomic stasis of B. aphidicola, likely attributable to the loss of phages, repeated sequences, and recA, indicates that B. aphidicola is no longer a source of ecological innovation for its hosts.

1 Department of Molecular Evolution, Evolutionary Biology Center, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden.
2 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
*   These authors contributed equally to this work.

dagger    To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: Siv.Andersson{at}ebc.uu.se

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R. Seshadri, I. T. Paulsen, J. A. Eisen, T. D. Read, K. E. Nelson, W. C. Nelson, N. L. Ward, H. Tettelin, T. M. Davidsen, M. J. Beanan, et al. (2003)
PNAS 100, 5455-5460
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Coupling of Bacterial Endosymbiont and Host Mitochondrial Genomes in the Hydrothermal Vent Clam Calyptogena magnifica.
L. A. Hurtado, M. Mateos, R. A. Lutz, and R. C. Vrijenhoek (2003)
Appl. Envir. Microbiol. 69, 2058-2064
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Genome Evolution in an Insect Cell: Distinct Features of an Ant-Bacterial Partnership.
J. J. Wernegreen, P. H. Degnan, A. B. Lazarus, C. Palacios, and S. R. Bordenstein (2003)
Biol. Bull. 204, 221-231
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Reductive genome evolution in Buchnera aphidicola.
R. C. H. J. van Ham, J. Kamerbeek, C. Palacios, C. Rausell, F. Abascal, U. Bastolla, J. M. Fernandez, L. Jimenez, M. Postigo, F. J. Silva, et al. (2003)
PNAS 100, 581-586
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Comparative genome analysis of the alpha -proteobacteria: Relationships between plant and animal pathogens and host specificity.
R. M. Tsolis (2002)
PNAS 99, 12503-12505
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Acceleration of genomic evolution caused by enhanced mutation rate in endocellular symbionts.
T. Itoh, W. Martin, and M. Nei (2002)
PNAS 99, 12944-12948
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