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Science 26 April 2002:
Vol. 296. no. 5568, pp. 733 - 735
DOI: 10.1126/science.1069972
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Reports

Role of Yersinia Murine Toxin in Survival of Yersinia pestis in the Midgut of the Flea Vector

B. Joseph Hinnebusch,1* Amy E. Rudolph,2dagger Peter Cherepanov,3 Jack E. Dixon,2 Tom G. Schwan,1 Åke Forsberg3

Transmission by flea bite is a relatively recent adaptation that distinguishes Yersinia pestis, the plague bacillus, from closely related enteric bacteria. Here, a plasmid-encoded phospholipase D (PLD), previously characterized as Yersinia murine toxin (Ymt), was shown to be required for survival of Y. pestis in the midgut of its principal vector, the rat flea Xenopsylla cheopis. Intracellular PLD activity appeared to protect Y. pestis from a cytotoxic digestion product of blood plasma in the flea gut. By enabling colonization of the flea midgut, acquisition of this PLD may have precipitated the transition of Y. pestis to obligate arthropod-borne transmission.

1 Laboratory of Human Bacterial Pathogenesis, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA.
2 Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
3 Department of Medical Countermeasures, Swedish Defense Research Agency, S-901 82 Umeå, and Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, S-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
*   To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: jhinnebusch{at}niaid.nih.gov

dagger    Present address: Pharmacia Corporation, St. Louis, MO 63167, USA.

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