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Science 15 February 2002:
Vol. 295. no. 5558, pp. 1288 - 1291
DOI: 10.1126/science.1064540
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Reports

Role of the Isthmus and FGFs in Resolving the Paradox of Neural Crest Plasticity and Prepatterning

Paul A. Trainor,* Linda Ariza-McNaughton,*dagger Robb Krumlaufddagger

Cranial neural crest cells generate the distinctive bone and connective tissues in the vertebrate head. Classical models of craniofacial development argue that the neural crest is prepatterned or preprogrammed to make specific head structures before its migration from the neural tube. In contrast, recent studies in several vertebrates have provided evidence for plasticity in patterning neural crest populations. Using tissue transposition and molecular analyses in avian embryos, we reconcile these findings by demonstrating that classical manipulation experiments, which form the basis of the prepatterning model, involved transplantation of a local signaling center, the isthmic organizer. FGF8 signaling from the isthmus alters Hoxa2 expression and consequently branchial arch patterning, demonstrating that neural crest cells are patterned by environmental signals.

The Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 East 50th Street, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA, and Division of Developmental Neurobiology, The National Institute for Medical Research, London, UK, NW7 1AX.
*   These authors contributed equally to this paper.

dagger    Present address: The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambs CB10 1SA, UK.

ddagger    To whom correspondence should be addressed at The Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 East 50th Street, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA. E-mail: rek{at}stowers-institute.org

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Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)