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Science 15 February 2002:
Vol. 295. no. 5558, pp. 1253 - 1257
DOI: 10.1126/science.1067361
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Review

Evolution and Biogeography of Deep-Sea Vent and Seep Invertebrates

C. L. Van Dover,1* C. R. German,2 K. G. Speer,3 L. M. Parson,2 R. C. Vrijenhoek4

Deep-sea hydrothermal vents and cold seeps are submarine springs where nutrient-rich fluids emanate from the sea floor. Vent and seep ecosystems occur in a variety of geological settings throughout the global ocean and support food webs based on chemoautotrophic primary production. Most vent and seep invertebrates arrive at suitable habitats as larvae dispersed by deep-ocean currents. The recent evolution of many vent and seep invertebrate species (<100 million years ago) suggests that Cenozoic tectonic history and oceanic circulation patterns have been important in defining contemporary biogeographic patterns.

1 Biology Department, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187, USA.
2 Southampton Oceanography Centre, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK.
3 Oceanography Department, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
4 Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, 7700 Sandholt Road, Moss Landing, CA 95039, USA.
*   To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: cindy_vandover{at}wm.edu

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