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An Apolipoprotein Influencing Triglycerides in Humans and Mice Revealed by Comparative Sequencing
Len A. Pennacchio,1Michael Olivier,2*Jaroslav A. Hubacek,3Jonathan C. Cohen,3David R. Cox,2Jean-Charles Fruchart,4Ronald M. Krauss,1Edward M. Rubin1
Comparison of genomic DNA sequences from human and mouse revealed a
new apolipoprotein (APO) gene (APOAV) located
proximalto the well-characterized APOAI/CIII/AIV gene
cluster on human11q23. Mice expressing a human APOAV
transgene showed a decreasein plasma triglyceride concentrations to
one-third of those incontrol mice; conversely, knockout mice lacking
Apoav had fourtimes as much plasma triglycerides as
controls. In humans, singlenucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across the
APOAV locus were foundto be significantly associated with
plasma triglyceride levelsin two independent studies. These findings
indicate that APOAVis an important determinant of plasma triglyceride
levels, a majorrisk factor for coronary artery disease.
1 Genome Sciences Department, Lawrence Berkeley
National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
2 Stanford Human Genome Center, Department of
Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, 975 California
Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
3 Center for Human
Nutrition and McDermott, Center for Human Growth and Development,
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
75390-9052, USA.
4 Department of
Atherosclerosis-INSERM U545, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 1, rue du
Professeur Calmette, 59019 Lille cedex, France and Faculté de
Pharmacie, University of Lille, 59006 Lille cedex, France.
*
Present address: Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical
College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee,WI 53226, USA.
To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
EMRubin{at}lbl.gov
The editors suggest the following Related Resources on Science sites:
In Science Magazine
NEWS OF THE WEEK
Caroline Seydel (5 October 2001) Science294 (5540), 33a.
[DOI: 10.1126/science.294.5540.33a] |Summary »|Full Text »|PDF »
INTRODUCTION TO SPECIAL ISSUE
Barbara R. Jasny and Leslie Roberts (5 October 2001) Science294 (5540), 81.
[DOI: 10.1126/science.294.5540.81] |Summary »|PDF »
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Mulan: Multiple-sequence local alignment and visualization for studying function and evolution.
I. Ovcharenko, G. G. Loots, B. M. Giardine, M. Hou, J. Ma, R. C. Hardison, L. Stubbs, and W. Miller (2005)
Genome Res.
15, 184-194
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Influence of the APOA5 locus on plasma triglyceride, lipoprotein subclasses, and CVD risk in the Framingham Heart Study.
C.-Q. Lai, S. Demissie, L. A. Cupples, Y. Zhu, X. Adiconis, L. D. Parnell, D. Corella, and J. M. Ordovas (2004)
J. Lipid Res.
45, 2096-2105
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The Liver X Receptor Ligand T0901317 Down-regulates APOA5 Gene Expression through Activation of SREBP-1c.
H. Jakel, M. Nowak, E. Moitrot, H. Dehondt, D. W. Hum, L. A. Pennacchio, J. Fruchart-Najib, and J.-C. Fruchart (2004)
J. Biol. Chem.
279, 45462-45469
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The -1131T->C polymorphism in the apolipoprotein A5 gene is associated with postprandial hypertriacylglycerolemia; elevated small, dense LDL concentrations; and oxidative stress in nonobese Korean men.
Y. Jang, J. Y. Kim, O. Y. Kim, J. E. Lee, H. Cho, J. M Ordovas, and J. H. Lee (2004)
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition
80, 832-840
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Exploiting human-fish genome comparisons for deciphering gene regulation.
N. Ahituv, E. M. Rubin, and M. A. Nobrega (2004)
Hum. Mol. Genet.
13, R261-R266
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Low-Density Lipoprotein Particle Size Loci in Familial Combined Hyperlipidemia: Evidence for Multiple Loci From a Genome Scan.
M. D. Badzioch, R. P. Igo Jr, F. Gagnon, J. D. Brunzell, R. M. Krauss, A. G. Motulsky, E. M. Wijsman, and G. P. Jarvik (2004)
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol.
24, 1942-1950
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Liver X Receptors (LXRs) Regulate Apolipoprotein AIV-Implications of the Antiatherosclerotic Effect of LXR Agonists.
Y. Liang, X.-C. Jiang, R. Liu, G. Liang, T. P. Beyer, H. Gao, T. P. Ryan, S. Dan Li, P. I. Eacho, and G. Cao (2004)
Mol. Endocrinol.
18, 2000-2010
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
ApoAV Reduces Plasma Triglycerides by Inhibiting Very Low Density Lipoprotein-Triglyceride (VLDL-TG) Production and Stimulating Lipoprotein Lipase-mediated VLDL-TG Hydrolysis.
F. G. Schaap, P. C. N. Rensen, P. J. Voshol, C. Vrins, H. N. van der Vliet, R. A. F. M. Chamuleau, L. M. Havekes, A. K. Groen, and K. W. van Dijk (2004)
J. Biol. Chem.
279, 27941-27947
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
ECR Browser: a tool for visualizing and accessing data from comparisons of multiple vertebrate genomes.
I. Ovcharenko, M. A. Nobrega, G. G. Loots, and L. Stubbs (2004)
Nucleic Acids Res.
32, W280-W286
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Analysis of Apolipoprotein A5, C3, and Plasma Triglyceride Concentrations in Genetically Engineered Mice.
N. Baroukh, E. Bauge, J. Akiyama, J. Chang, V. Afzal, J.-C. Fruchart, E. M. Rubin, J. Fruchart-Najib, and L. A. Pennacchio (2004)
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol.
24, 1297-1302
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eShadow: A Tool for Comparing Closely Related Sequences.
I. Ovcharenko, D. Boffelli, and G. G. Loots (2004)
Genome Res.
14, 1191-1198
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Haplotypes in the APOA1-C3-A4-A5 gene cluster affect plasma lipids in both humans and baboons.
Q.-f. Wang, X. Liu, J. O'Connell, Z. Peng, R. M. Krauss, D. L. Rainwater, J. L. VandeBerg, Edward. M. Rubin, J.-F. Cheng, and L. A. Pennacchio (2004)
Hum. Mol. Genet.
13, 1049-1056
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Association of the APOLIPOPROTEIN A1/C3/A4/A5 Gene Cluster With Triglyceride Levels and LDL Particle Size in Familial Combined Hyperlipidemia.
R. Mar, P. Pajukanta, H. Allayee, M. Groenendijk, G. Dallinga-Thie, R. M. Krauss, J. S. Sinsheimer, R. M. Cantor, T. W.A. de Bruin, and A. J. Lusis (2004)
Circ. Res.
94, 993-999
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APOA5 gene variants, lipoprotein particle distribution, and progression of coronary heart disease: results from the LOCAT study.
P. J. Talmud, S. Martin, M.-R. Taskinen, M. H. Frick, M. S. Nieminen, Y. A. Kesaniemi, A. Pasternack, S. E. Humphries, and M. Syvanne (2004)
J. Lipid Res.
45, 750-756
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Genetics of familial combined hyperlipidemia and risk of coronary heart disease.
C.C. Shoulders, E.L. Jones, and R.P. Naoumova (2004)
Hum. Mol. Genet.
13, R149-160
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zPicture: Dynamic Alignment and Visualization Tool for Analyzing Conservation Profiles.
I. Ovcharenko, G. G. Loots, R. C. Hardison, W. Miller, and L. Stubbs (2004)
Genome Res.
14, 472-477
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Linkage and Association Between Distinct Variants of the APOA1/C3/A4/A5 Gene Cluster and Familial Combined Hyperlipidemia.
S. Eichenbaum-Voline, M. Olivier, E. L. Jones, R. P. Naoumova, B. Jones, B. Gau, H. N. Patel, M. Seed, D. J. Betteridge, D. J. Galton, et al. (2004)
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol.
24, 167-174
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Comparative genomic analysis as a tool for biological discovery.
Identification and Characterization of Multi-Species Conserved Sequences.
E. H. Margulies, M. Blanchette, NISC Comparative Sequencing Program, D. Haussler, and E. D. Green (2003)
Genome Res.
13, 2507-2518
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The APOA5 locus is a strong determinant of plasma triglyceride concentrations across ethnic groups in Singapore.
C.-Q. Lai, E-S. Tai, C. E. Tan, J. Cutter, S. K. Chew, Y.-P. Zhu, X. Adiconis, and J. M. Ordovas (2003)
J. Lipid Res.
44, 2365-2373
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Apolipoprotein C-III, metabolic syndrome, and risk of coronary artery disease.
O. Olivieri, A. Bassi, C. Stranieri, E. Trabetti, N. Martinelli, F. Pizzolo, D. Girelli, S. Friso, P. F. Pignatti, and R. Corrocher (2003)
J. Lipid Res.
44, 2374-2381
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A Combinatorial Network of Evolutionarily Conserved Myelin Basic Protein Regulatory Sequences Confers Distinct Glial-Specific Phenotypes.
H. F. Farhadi, P. Lepage, R. Forghani, H. C. H. Friedman, W. Orfali, L. Jasmin, W. Miller, T. J. Hudson, and A. C. Peterson (2003)
J. Neurosci.
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Confirmed Locus on Chromosome 11p and Candidate Loci on 6q and 8p for the Triglyceride and Cholesterol Traits of Combined Hyperlipidemia.
R. P. Naoumova, S. A. Bonney, S. Eichenbaum-Voline, H. N. Patel, B. Jones, E. L. Jones, J. Amey, S. Colilla, C. K.Y. Neuwirth, R. Allotey, et al. (2003)
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol.
23, 2070-2077
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »