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Originally published in Science Express on 19 September 2001
Science 21 September 2001:
Vol. 293. no. 5538, pp. 2239 - 2242
DOI: 10.1126/science.1063902
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Reports

Origin of Whales from Early Artiodactyls: Hands and Feet of Eocene Protocetidae from Pakistan

Philip D. Gingerich,1* Munir ul Haq,12 Iyad S. Zalmout,1 Intizar Hussain Khan,23 M. Sadiq Malkani2

Partial skeletons of two new fossil whales, Artiocetus clavis and Rodhocetus balochistanensis, are among the oldest known protocetid archaeocetes. These came from early Lutetian age (47 million years ago) strata in eastern Balochistan Province, Pakistan. Both have an astragalus and cuboid in the ankle with characteristics diagnostic of artiodactyls; R. balochistanensis has virtually complete fore- and hind limbs. The new skeletons are important in augmenting the diversity of early Protocetidae, clarifying that Cetacea evolved from early Artiodactyla rather than Mesonychia and showing how early protocetids swam.

1 Department of Geological Sciences and Museum of Paleontology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1079, USA.
2 Geological Survey of Pakistan, Sariab Road, Quetta, Pakistan.
3 Department of Earth Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824-3589, USA.
*   To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: gingeric{at}umich.edu

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