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Science 10 August 2001: Vol. 293. no. 5532, pp. 1089 - 1093 DOI: 10.1126/science.1063443
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Review
Epigenetic Reprogramming in Mammalian Development
Wolf Reik,1*
Wendy Dean,1
Jörn Walter2
DNA methylation is a major epigenetic modification of
the genome that regulates crucial aspects of its function. Genomic
methylation patterns in somatic differentiated cells are generally
stable and heritable. However, in mammals there are at least two
developmental periods--in germ cells and in preimplantation embryos--in
which methylation patterns are reprogrammed genome wide, generating cells with a broad developmental potential. Epigenetic reprogramming in
germ cells is critical for imprinting; reprogramming in early embryos
also affects imprinting. Reprogramming is likely to have a crucial role
in establishing nuclear totipotency in normal development and in cloned
animals, and in the erasure of acquired epigenetic information. A role
of reprogramming in stem cell differentiation is also envisaged.
1 Laboratory of Developmental Genetics and
Imprinting, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB2 4AT, UK.
2 Universität des Saarlandes, Fr 8.2 Genetik,
66041 Saarbrücken, Germany.
*
To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
wolf.reik{at}bbsrc.ac.uk
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