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Science 10 August 2001:
Vol. 293. no. 5532, pp. 1074 - 1080
DOI: 10.1126/science.1063127

Review

Translating the Histone Code

Thomas Jenuwein,1 C. David Allis2

Chromatin, the physiological template of all eukaryotic genetic information, is subject to a diverse array of posttranslational modifications that largely impinge on histone amino termini, thereby regulating access to the underlying DNA. Distinct histone amino-terminal modifications can generate synergistic or antagonistic interaction affinities for chromatin-associated proteins, which in turn dictate dynamic transitions between transcriptionally active or transcriptionally silent chromatin states. The combinatorial nature of histone amino-terminal modifications thus reveals a "histone code" that considerably extends the information potential of the genetic code. We propose that this epigenetic marking system represents a fundamental regulatory mechanism that has an impact on most, if not all, chromatin-templated processes, with far-reaching consequences for cell fate decisions and both normal and pathological development.

1 Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP) at the Vienna Biocenter, Dr. Bohrgasse 7, A-1030 Vienna, Austria. E-mail: jenuwein{at}nt.imp.univie.ac.at
2 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia Health Science Center, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA. E-mail: allis{at}virginia.edu


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K. Dohke, S. Miyazaki, K. Tanaka, T. Urano, S. I. S. Grewal, and Y. Murakami (2008)
Genes Cells 13, 1027-1043
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Histone H2B Monoubiquitination in the Chromatin of FLOWERING LOCUS C Regulates Flowering Time in Arabidopsis.
Y. Cao, Y. Dai, S. Cui, and L. Ma (2008)
PLANT CELL 20, 2586-2602
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G9a-mediated Lysine Methylation Alters the Function of CCAAT/Enhancer-binding Protein-{beta}.
O. Pless, E. Kowenz-Leutz, M. Knoblich, J. Lausen, M. Beyermann, M. J. Walsh, and A. Leutz (2008)
J. Biol. Chem. 283, 26357-26363
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Role of the Histone H3 Lysine 4 Methyltransferase, SET7/9, in the Regulation of NF-{kappa}B-dependent Inflammatory Genes: RELEVANCE TO DIABETES AND INFLAMMATION.
Y. Li, M. A. Reddy, F. Miao, N. Shanmugam, J.-K. Yee, D. Hawkins, B. Ren, and R. Natarajan (2008)
J. Biol. Chem. 283, 26771-26781
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