Note to users. If you're seeing this message, it means that your browser cannot find this page's style/presentation instructions -- or possibly that you are using a browser that does not support current Web standards. Find out more about why this message is appearing, and what you can do to make your experience of our site the best it can be.

Site Tools

  • AAAS
  • Subscribe
  • Feedback

Site Search

Search Advanced

Science 27 July 2001:
Vol. 293. no. 5530, pp. 668 - 672
DOI: 10.1126/science.1060966
Prev | Table of Contents | Next

Research Articles

The Composite Genome of the Legume Symbiont Sinorhizobium meliloti

Francis Galibert,1 Turlough M. Finan,2 Sharon R. Long,34* Alfred Pühler,5 Pia Abola,6 Frédéric Ampe,7 Frédérique Barloy-Hubler,1 Melanie J. Barnett,3 Anke Becker,5 Pierre Boistard,7 Gordana Bothe,8 Marc Boutry,9 Leah Bowser,6 Jens Buhrmester,5 Edouard Cadieu,1 Delphine Capela,17dagger Patrick Chain,2 Alison Cowie,2 Ronald W. Davis,6 Stéphane Dréano,1 Nancy A. Federspiel,6ddagger Robert F. Fisher,3 Stéphanie Gloux,1 Thérèse Godrie,10 André Goffeau,9 Brian Golding,2 Jérôme Gouzy,7 Mani Gurjal,6 Ismael Hernandez-Lucas,2 Andrea Hong,3 Lucas Huizar,6 Richard W. Hyman,6 Ted Jones,6 Daniel Kahn,7 Michael L. Kahn,11 Sue Kalman,6§ David H. Keating,34 Ernö Kiss,7 Caridad Komp,6 Valérie Lelaure,1 David Masuy,9 Curtis Palm,6 Melicent C. Peck,3 Thomas M Pohl,8 Daniel Portetelle,10 Bénédicte Purnelle,9 Uwe Ramsperger,8 Raymond Surzycki,6parallel Patricia Thébault,7 Micheline Vandenbol,10 Frank-J. Vorhölter,5 Stefan Weidner,5 Derek H. Wells,3 Kim Wong,2 Kuo-Chen Yeh,34 Jacques Batut7

The scarcity of usable nitrogen frequently limits plant growth. A tight metabolic association with rhizobial bacteria allows legumes to obtain nitrogen compounds by bacterial reduction of dinitrogen (N2) to ammonium (NH4+). We present here the annotated DNA sequence of the alpha -proteobacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti, the symbiont of alfalfa. The tripartite 6.7-megabase (Mb) genome comprises a 3.65-Mb chromosome, and 1.35-Mb pSymA and 1.68-Mb pSymB megaplasmids. Genome sequence analysis indicates that all three elements contribute, in varying degrees, to symbiosis and reveals how this genome may have emerged during evolution. The genome sequence will be useful in understanding the dynamics of interkingdom associations and of life in soil environments.

1 UMR6061-CNRS, Laboratoire de Génétique et Développement, Faculté de Médecine, 2 avenue du Pr. Léon Bernard, F-35043 Rennes cedex, France.
2 Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1.
3 Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
4 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
5 Universität Bielefeld, Biologie VI (Genetik), Universitätsstrasse 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
6 Stanford Center for DNA Sequencing and Technology, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
7 Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire des Relations Plantes-Microorganismes, UMR215-CNRS-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Chemin de Borde Rouge, BP 27, F-31326 Castanet Tolosan Cedex, France.
8 GATC Biotech AG, Jakob-Stadler-Platz GmbH 7, D-78467 Konstanz, Germany.
9 Unité de Biochimie physiologique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Place Croix du Sud 2, Bte 20, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
10 Unité de Biologie Animale et Microbienne, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques de Gembloux, Avenue Maréchal Juin 6, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
11 Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
*   To whom correspondence should be addressed.

dagger    Present address: Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France.

ddagger    Present address: Exelixis, Inc., 170 Harbor Way, Post Office Box 511, South San Francisco, CA 94083-0511, USA.

§   Present address: Incyte Genomics, 3160 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.

parallel    Present address: Département de Biologie Moléculaire Sciences 2, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland 1211.

   Present address: Institute of BioAgricultural Sciences, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan 11529.

Read the Full Text


THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES:
Conjugative plasmids: vessels of the communal gene pool.
A. Norman, L. H. Hansen, and S. J. Sorensen (2009)
Phil Trans R Soc B 364, 2275-2289
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Transcriptomic Analysis of Rhizobium leguminosarum Biovar viciae in Symbiosis with Host Plants Pisum sativum and Vicia cracca.
R. Karunakaran, V. K. Ramachandran, J. C. Seaman, A. K. East, B. Mouhsine, T. H. Mauchline, J. Prell, A. Skeffington, and P. S. Poole (2009)
J. Bacteriol. 191, 4002-4014
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Rhizobium sp. Strain NGR234 Possesses a Remarkable Number of Secretion Systems.
C. Schmeisser, H. Liesegang, D. Krysciak, N. Bakkou, A. Le Quere, A. Wollherr, I. Heinemeyer, B. Morgenstern, A. Pommerening-Roser, M. Flores, et al. (2009)
Appl. Envir. Microbiol. 75, 4035-4045
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A shotgun lipidomics approach in Sinorhizobium meliloti as a tool in functional genomics.
L. S. Basconcillo, R. Zaheer, T. M. Finan, and B. E. McCarry (2009)
J. Lipid Res. 50, 1120-1132
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Chaperone GroESL Enhances the Accumulation of Soluble, Active TraR Protein, a Quorum-Sensing Transcription Factor from Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
Y. Chai and S. C. Winans (2009)
J. Bacteriol. 191, 3706-3711
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Medicago truncatula improves salt tolerance when nodulated by an indole-3-acetic acid-overproducing Sinorhizobium meliloti strain.
C. Bianco and R. Defez (2009)
J. Exp. Bot.
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Genome Sequences of Three Agrobacterium Biovars Help Elucidate the Evolution of Multichromosome Genomes in Bacteria.
S. C. Slater, B. S. Goldman, B. Goodner, J. C. Setubal, S. K. Farrand, E. W. Nester, T. J. Burr, L. Banta, A. W. Dickerman, I. Paulsen, et al. (2009)
J. Bacteriol. 191, 2501-2511
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Role of Potassium Uptake Systems in Sinorhizobium meliloti Osmoadaptation and Symbiotic Performance.
A. Dominguez-Ferreras, S. Munoz, J. Olivares, M. J. Soto, and J. Sanjuan (2009)
J. Bacteriol. 191, 2133-2143
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Pathway of {gamma}-Aminobutyrate Metabolism in Rhizobium leguminosarum 3841 and Its Role in Symbiosis.
J. Prell, A. Bourdes, R. Karunakaran, M. Lopez-Gomez, and P. Poole (2009)
J. Bacteriol. 191, 2177-2186
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Essential Role for the BacA Protein in the Uptake of a Truncated Eukaryotic Peptide in Sinorhizobium meliloti.
V. L. Marlow, A. F. Haag, H. Kobayashi, V. Fletcher, M. Scocchi, G. C. Walker, and G. P. Ferguson (2009)
J. Bacteriol. 191, 1519-1527
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Characterization of a {gamma}-Aminobutyric Acid Transport System of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae 3841.
J. P. White, J. Prell, V. K. Ramachandran, and P. S. Poole (2009)
J. Bacteriol. 191, 1547-1555
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
An Orphan LuxR Homolog of Sinorhizobium meliloti Affects Stress Adaptation and Competition for Nodulation.
A. V. Patankar and J. E. Gonzalez (2009)
Appl. Envir. Microbiol. 75, 946-955
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Cyclopropane fatty acyl synthase in Sinorhizobium meliloti.
L. Saborido Basconcillo, R. Zaheer, T. M. Finan, and B. E. McCarry (2009)
Microbiology 155, 373-385
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Rhizobium etli RpoH1 and RpoH2 sigma factors are involved in different stress responses.
J. M. Martinez-Salazar, M. Sandoval-Calderon, X. Guo, S. Castillo-Ramirez, A. Reyes, M. G. Loza, J. Rivera, X. Alvarado-Affantranger, F. Sanchez, V. Gonzalez, et al. (2009)
Microbiology 155, 386-397
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
SMb20651 is another acyl carrier protein from Sinorhizobium meliloti.
A. L. Ramos-Vega, Y. Davila-Martinez, C. Sohlenkamp, S. Contreras-Martinez, S. Encarnacion, O. Geiger, and I. M. Lopez-Lara (2009)
Microbiology 155, 257-267
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Comprehensive Assessment of the Regulons Controlled by the FixLJ-FixK2-FixK1 Cascade in Bradyrhizobium japonicum.
S. Mesa, F. Hauser, M. Friberg, E. Malaguti, H.-M. Fischer, and H. Hennecke (2008)
J. Bacteriol. 190, 6568-6579
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Formate-Dependent Autotrophic Growth in Sinorhizobium meliloti.
B. S. Pickering and I. J. Oresnik (2008)
J. Bacteriol. 190, 6409-6418
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Construction of Signature-tagged Mutant Library in Mesorhizobium loti as a Powerful Tool for Functional Genomics.
Y. Shimoda, H. Mitsui, H. Kamimatsuse, K. Minamisawa, E. Nishiyama, Y. Ohtsubo, Y. Nagata, M. Tsuda, S. Shinpo, A. Watanabe, et al. (2008)
DNA Res 15, 297-308
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Root-Microbe Communication through Protein Secretion.
C. De-la-Pena, Z. Lei, B. S. Watson, L. W. Sumner, and J. M. Vivanco (2008)
J. Biol. Chem. 283, 25247-25255
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Competitive and Cooperative Effects in Quorum-Sensing-Regulated Galactoglucan Biosynthesis in Sinorhizobium meliloti.
M. McIntosh, E. Krol, and A. Becker (2008)
J. Bacteriol. 190, 5308-5317
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Response of Sinorhizobium meliloti to Elevated Concentrations of Cadmium and Zinc.
S. Rossbach, D. J. Mai, E. L. Carter, L. Sauviac, D. Capela, C. Bruand, and F. J. de Bruijn (2008)
Appl. Envir. Microbiol. 74, 4218-4221
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Transcriptional Interference and Repression Modulate the Conjugative Ability of the Symbiotic Plasmid of Rhizobium etli.
E. Sepulveda, D. Perez-Mendoza, M. A. Ramirez-Romero, M. J. Soto, I. M. Lopez-Lara, O. Geiger, J. Sanjuan, S. Brom, and D. Romero (2008)
J. Bacteriol. 190, 4189-4197
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Sinorhizobium meliloti MsbA2 protein is essential for the legume symbiosis.
S. Beck, V. L. Marlow, K. Woodall, W. T. Doerrler, E. K. James, and G. P. Ferguson (2008)
Microbiology 154, 1258-1270
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Requirement for Mesorhizobium loti Ornithine Transcarbamoylase for Successful Symbiosis with Lotus japonicus as Revealed by an Unexpected Long-Range Genome Deletion.
E. Mishima, A. Hosokawa, H. Imaizumi-Anraku, K. Saito, M. Kawaguchi, and K. Saeki (2008)
Plant Cell Physiol. 49, 301-313
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A Highly Conserved Protein of Unknown Function Is Required by Sinorhizobium meliloti for Symbiosis and Environmental Stress Protection.
B. W. Davies and G. C. Walker (2008)
J. Bacteriol. 190, 1118-1123
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A Large Scale Analysis of Protein-Protein Interactions in the Nitrogen-fixing Bacterium Mesorhizobium loti.
Y. Shimoda, S. Shinpo, M. Kohara, Y. Nakamura, S. Tabata, and S. Sato (2008)
DNA Res 15, 13-23
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Advantages of multilocus sequence analysis for taxonomic studies: a case study using 10 housekeeping genes in the genus Ensifer (including former Sinorhizobium).
M. Martens, P. Dawyndt, R. Coopman, M. Gillis, P. De Vos, and A. Willems (2008)
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 58, 200-214
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Influence of the Poly-3-Hydroxybutyrate (PHB) Granule-Associated Proteins (PhaP1 and PhaP2) on PHB Accumulation and Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation in Sinorhizobium meliloti Rm1021.
C. Wang, X. Sheng, R. C. Equi, M. A. Trainer, T. C. Charles, and B. W. S. Sobral (2007)
J. Bacteriol. 189, 9050-9056
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A Mesorhizobium loti mutant with reduced glucan content shows defective invasion of its host plant Lotus japonicus.
Y. Kawaharada, S. Eda, K. Minamisawa, and H. Mitsui (2007)
Microbiology 153, 3983-3993
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
L-Rhamnose Transport Is Sugar Kinase (RhaK) Dependent in Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii.
J. S. Richardson and I. J. Oresnik (2007)
J. Bacteriol. 189, 8437-8446
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Motility and Chemotaxis in Agrobacterium tumefaciens Surface Attachment and Biofilm Formation.
P. M. Merritt, T. Danhorn, and C. Fuqua (2007)
J. Bacteriol. 189, 8005-8014
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The ExpR/Sin Quorum-Sensing System Controls Succinoglycan Production in Sinorhizobium meliloti.
S. A. Glenn, N. Gurich, M. A. Feeney, and J. E. Gonzalez (2007)
J. Bacteriol. 189, 7077-7088
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
DNA Diversification in Two Sinorhizobium Species.
X. Guo, M. Flores, L. Morales, D. Garcia, P. Bustos, V. Gonzalez, R. Palacios, and G. Davila (2007)
J. Bacteriol. 189, 6474-6476
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Functional Characterization of the Sinorhizobium meliloti Acetate Metabolism Genes aceA, SMc00767, and glcB.
J. A. Ramirez-Trujillo, S. Encarnacion, E. Salazar, A. G. de los Santos, M. F. Dunn, D. W. Emerich, E. Calva, and I. Hernandez-Lucas (2007)
J. Bacteriol. 189, 5875-5884
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Horizontal Gene Transfer and Homologous Recombination Drive the Evolution of the Nitrogen-Fixing Symbionts of Medicago Species.
X. Bailly, I. Olivieri, B. Brunel, J.-C. Cleyet-Marel, and G. Bena (2007)
J. Bacteriol. 189, 5223-5236
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Trehalose Biosynthesis in Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii and Its Role in Desiccation Tolerance.
H. J. McIntyre, H. Davies, T. A. Hore, S. H. Miller, J.-P. Dufour, and C. W. Ronson (2007)
Appl. Envir. Microbiol. 73, 3984-3992
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Legumes Symbioses: Absence of Nod Genes in Photosynthetic Bradyrhizobia.
E. Giraud, L. Moulin, D. Vallenet, V. Barbe, E. Cytryn, J.-C. Avarre, M. Jaubert, D. Simon, F. Cartieaux, Y. Prin, et al. (2007)
Science 316, 1307-1312
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
An Extracytoplasmic Function Sigma Factor Acts as a General Stress Response Regulator in Sinorhizobium meliloti.
L. Sauviac, H. Philippe, K. Phok, and C. Bruand (2007)
J. Bacteriol. 189, 4204-4216
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Genomes of the Symbiotic Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria of Legumes.
A. M. MacLean, T. M. Finan, and M. J. Sadowsky (2007)
Plant Physiology 144, 615-622
   Full Text »    PDF »
The Symbiosis Regulator CbrA Modulates a Complex Regulatory Network Affecting the Flagellar Apparatus and Cell Envelope Proteins.
K. E. Gibson, M. J. Barnett, C. J. Toman, S. R. Long, and G. C. Walker (2007)
J. Bacteriol. 189, 3591-3602
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Characterization of Sinorhizobium meliloti Triose Phosphate Isomerase Genes.
N. J. Poysti and I. J. Oresnik (2007)
J. Bacteriol. 189, 3445-3451
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Multilocus sequence analysis of Ensifer and related taxa.
M. Martens, M. Delaere, R. Coopman, P. De Vos, M. Gillis, and A. Willems (2007)
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 57, 489-503
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Only One of Five groEL Genes Is Required for Viability and Successful Symbiosis in Sinorhizobium meliloti.
A. N. Bittner, A. Foltz, and V. Oke (2007)
J. Bacteriol. 189, 1884-1889
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Disruption of sitA Compromises Sinorhizobium meliloti for Manganese Uptake Required for Protection against Oxidative Stress.
B. W. Davies and G. C. Walker (2007)
J. Bacteriol. 189, 2101-2109
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Identification of Novel Sinorhizobium meliloti Mutants Compromised for Oxidative Stress Protection and Symbiosis.
B. W. Davies and G. C. Walker (2007)
J. Bacteriol. 189, 2110-2113
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Functional Analysis of Nine Putative Chemoreceptor Proteins in Sinorhizobium meliloti.
V. M. Meier, P. Muschler, and B. E. Scharf (2007)
J. Bacteriol. 189, 1816-1826
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A Sinorhizobium meliloti minE mutant has an altered morphology and exhibits defects in legume symbiosis.
J. Cheng, C. D. Sibley, R. Zaheer, and T. M. Finan (2007)
Microbiology 153, 375-387
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Roles of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) and glycogen in symbiosis of Sinorhizobium meliloti with Medicago sp..
C. Wang, M. Saldanha, X. Sheng, K. J. Shelswell, K. T. Walsh, B. W. S. Sobral, and T. C. Charles (2007)
Microbiology 153, 388-398
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Pleiotropic effects of mutations that alter the Sinorhizobium meliloti cytochrome c respiratory system.
S. N. Yurgel, J. Berrocal, C. Wilson, and M. L. Kahn (2007)
Microbiology 153, 399-410
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Novel Type IV Secretion System Involved in Propagation of Genomic Islands.
M. Juhas, D. W. Crook, I. D. Dimopoulou, G. Lunter, R. M. Harding, D. J. P. Ferguson, and D. W. Hood (2007)
J. Bacteriol. 189, 761-771
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Genomic Structure and Phylogeny of the Plant Pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum Inferred from Gene Distribution Analysis.
A. Guidot, P. Prior, J. Schoenfeld, S. Carrere, S. Genin, and C. Boucher (2007)
J. Bacteriol. 189, 377-387
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Dispersion of the RmInt1 group II intron in the Sinorhizobium meliloti genome upon acquisition by conjugative transfer.
R. Nisa-Martinez, J. I. Jimenez-Zurdo, F. Martinez-Abarca, E. Munoz-Adelantado, and N. Toro (2007)
Nucleic Acids Res. 35, 214-222
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
FtcR Is a New Master Regulator of the Flagellar System of Brucella melitensis 16M with Homologs in Rhizobiaceae.
S. Leonard, J. Ferooz, V. Haine, I. Danese, D. Fretin, A. Tibor, S. de Walque, X. De Bolle, and J.-J. Letesson (2007)
J. Bacteriol. 189, 131-141
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Overproduction and increased molecular weight account for the symbiotic activity of the rkpZ-modified K polysaccharide from Sinorhizobium meliloti Rm1021.
L.A. Sharypova, G. Chataigne, N. Fraysse, A. Becker, and V. Poinsot (2006)
Glycobiology 16, 1181-1193
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Mapping the Sinorhizobium meliloti 1021 solute-binding protein-dependent transportome.
T. H. Mauchline, J. E. Fowler, A. K. East, A. L. Sartor, R. Zaheer, A. H. F. Hosie, P. S. Poole, and T. M. Finan (2006)
PNAS 103, 17933-17938
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Multiple gene genealogical analyses reveal both common and distinct population genetic patterns among replicons in the nitrogen-fixing bacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti..
S. Sun, H. Guo, and J. Xu (2006)
Microbiology 152, 3245-3259
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Transcriptome Profiling Reveals the Importance of Plasmid pSymB for Osmoadaptation of Sinorhizobium meliloti.
A. Dominguez-Ferreras, R. Perez-Arnedo, A. Becker, J. Olivares, M. J. Soto, and J. Sanjuan (2006)
J. Bacteriol. 188, 7617-7625
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
An Integrated Approach to Functional Genomics: Construction of a Novel Reporter Gene Fusion Library for Sinorhizobium meliloti.
A. Cowie, J. Cheng, C. D. Sibley, Y. Fong, R. Zaheer, C. L. Patten, R. M. Morton, G. B. Golding, and T. M. Finan (2006)
Appl. Envir. Microbiol. 72, 7156-7167
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Inaugural Article: Burkholderia xenovorans LB400 harbors a multi-replicon, 9.73-Mbp genome shaped for versatility.
P. S. G. Chain, V. J. Denef, K. T. Konstantinidis, L. M. Vergez, L. Agullo, V. L. Reyes, L. Hauser, M. Cordova, L. Gomez, M. Gonzalez, et al. (2006)
PNAS 103, 15280-15287
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Rem, a New Transcriptional Activator of Motility and Chemotaxis in Sinorhizobium meliloti..
C. Rotter, S. Muhlbacher, D. Salamon, R. Schmitt, and B. Scharf (2006)
J. Bacteriol. 188, 6932-6942
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Interrelations between Glycine Betaine Catabolism and Methionine Biosynthesis in Sinorhizobium meliloti Strain 102F34..
L. Barra, C. Fontenelle, G. Ermel, A. Trautwetter, G. C. Walker, and C. Blanco (2006)
J. Bacteriol. 188, 7195-7204
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Sinorhizobium medicae WSM419 lpiA gene is transcriptionally activated by FsrR and required to enhance survival in lethal acid conditions..
W. G. Reeve, L. Brau, J. Castelli, G. Garau, C. Sohlenkamp, O. Geiger, M. J. Dilworth, A. R. Glenn, J. G. Howieson, and R. P. Tiwari (2006)
Microbiology 152, 3049-3059
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Characterization of the {beta}-Ketoadipate Pathway in Sinorhizobium meliloti.
A. M. MacLean, G. MacPherson, P. Aneja, and T. M. Finan (2006)
Appl. Envir. Microbiol. 72, 5403-5413
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide-Dependent 4-Phospho-D-Erythronate Dehydrogenase Is Responsible for the 4-Phosphohydroxy-L-Threonine Pathway in Vitamin B6 Biosynthesis in Sinorhizobium meliloti.
M. Tazoe, K. Ichikawa, and T. Hoshino (2006)
J. Bacteriol. 188, 4635-4645
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Isolation of salt-sensitive mutants of Sinorhizobium meliloti strain Rm1021.
M. Miller-Williams, P. C. Loewen, and I. J. Oresnik (2006)
Microbiology 152, 2049-2059
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Characterization of genes involved in erythritol catabolism in Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae.
C. K. Yost, A. M. Rath, T. C. Noel, and M. F. Hynes (2006)
Microbiology 152, 2061-2074
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Construction of a Large Signature-Tagged Mini-Tn5 Transposon Library and Its Application to Mutagenesis of Sinorhizobium meliloti..
N. Pobigaylo, D. Wetter, S. Szymczak, U. Schiller, S. Kurtz, F. Meyer, T. W. Nattkemper, and A. Becker (2006)
Appl. Envir. Microbiol. 72, 4329-4337
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Promoter prediction in the rhizobia.
S. R. MacLellan, A. M. MacLean, and T. M. Finan (2006)
Microbiology 152, 1751-1763
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Sequence Analysis of the 144-Kilobase Accessory Plasmid pSmeSM11a, Isolated from a Dominant Sinorhizobium meliloti Strain Identified during a Long-Term Field Release Experiment..
M. Stiens, S. Schneiker, M. Keller, S. Kuhn, A. Puhler, and A. Schluter (2006)
Appl. Envir. Microbiol. 72, 3662-3672
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Multiple groESL Operons Are Not Key Targets of RpoH1 and RpoH2 in Sinorhizobium meliloti..
A. N. Bittner and V. Oke (2006)
J. Bacteriol. 188, 3507-3515
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Symbiotic Bradyrhizobium japonicum Reduces N2O Surrounding the Soybean Root System via Nitrous Oxide Reductase.
R. Sameshima-Saito, K. Chiba, J. Hirayama, M. Itakura, H. Mitsui, S. Eda, and K. Minamisawa (2006)
Appl. Envir. Microbiol. 72, 2526-2532
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Identification of Sinorhizobium meliloti Early Symbiotic Genes by Use of a Positive Functional Screen.
X.-S. Zhang and H.-P. Cheng (2006)
Appl. Envir. Microbiol. 72, 2738-2748
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
BacA-Mediated Bleomycin Sensitivity in Sinorhizobium meliloti Is Independent of the Unusual Lipid A Modification..
G. P. Ferguson, A. Jansen, V. L. Marlow, and G. C. Walker (2006)
J. Bacteriol. 188, 3143-3148
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
MotD of Sinorhizobium meliloti and Related {alpha}-Proteobacteria Is the Flagellar-Hook-Length Regulator and Therefore Reassigned as FliK.
E. Eggenhofer, R. Rachel, M. Haslbeck, and B. Scharf (2006)
J. Bacteriol. 188, 2144-2153
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The partitioned Rhizobium etli genome: Genetic and metabolic redundancy in seven interacting replicons.
V. Gonzalez, R. I. Santamaria, P. Bustos, I. Hernandez-Gonzalez, A. Medrano-Soto, G. Moreno-Hagelsieb, S. C. Janga, M. A. Ramirez, V. Jimenez-Jacinto, J. Collado-Vides, et al. (2006)
PNAS 103, 3834-3839
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Transformation of rhizobia with broad-host-range plasmids by using a freeze-thaw method..
E. Vincze and S. Bowra (2006)
Appl. Envir. Microbiol. 72, 2290-2293
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Regulation and Properties of PstSCAB, a High-Affinity, High-Velocity Phosphate Transport System of Sinorhizobium meliloti.
Z.-C. Yuan, R. Zaheer, and T. M. Finan (2006)
J. Bacteriol. 188, 1089-1102
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Sinorhizobium meliloti chromosomal origin of replication.
C. D. Sibley, S. R. MacLellan, and T. Finan (2006)
Microbiology 152, 443-455
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Isolation of Poly-3-Hydroxybutyrate Metabolism Genes from Complex Microbial Communities by Phenotypic Complementation of Bacterial Mutants.
C. Wang, D. J. Meek, P. Panchal, N. Boruvka, F. S. Archibald, B. T. Driscoll, and T. C. Charles (2006)
Appl. Envir. Microbiol. 72, 384-391
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Functional characterization of the Bradyrhizobium japonicum modA and modB genes involved in molybdenum transport.
M. J. Delgado, A. Tresierra-Ayala, C. Talbi, and E. J. Bedmar (2006)
Microbiology 152, 199-207
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Characterization of a Unique Chromosomal Copper Resistance Gene Cluster from Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria.
H. Basim, G. V. Minsavage, R. E. Stall, J.-F. Wang, S. Shanker, and J. B. Jones (2005)
Appl. Envir. Microbiol. 71, 8284-8291
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
sinI- and expR-Dependent Quorum Sensing in Sinorhizobium meliloti.
M. Gao, H. Chen, A. Eberhard, M. R. Gronquist, J. B. Robinson, B. G. Rolfe, and W. D. Bauer (2005)
J. Bacteriol. 187, 7931-7944
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Novel DNA Sequences from Natural Strains of the Nitrogen-Fixing Symbiotic Bacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti.
H. Guo, S. Sun, T. M. Finan, and J. Xu (2005)
Appl. Envir. Microbiol. 71, 7130-7138
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Diversification of DNA Sequences in the Symbiotic Genome of Rhizobium etli.
M. Flores, L. Morales, A. Avila, V. Gonzalez, P. Bustos, D. Garcia, Y. Mora, X. Guo, J. Collado-Vides, D. Pinero, et al. (2005)
J. Bacteriol. 187, 7185-7192
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Identification of the rctA Gene, Which Is Required for Repression of Conjugative Transfer of Rhizobial Symbiotic Megaplasmids.
D. Perez-Mendoza, E. Sepulveda, V. Pando, S. Munoz, J. Nogales, J. Olivares, M. J. Soto, J. A. Herrera-Cervera, D. Romero, S. Brom, et al. (2005)
J. Bacteriol. 187, 7341-7350
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Development of a Functional Genomics Platform for Sinorhizobium meliloti: Construction of an ORFeome.
B. K. Schroeder, B. L. House, M. W. Mortimer, S. N. Yurgel, S. C. Maloney, K. L. Ward, and M. L. Kahn (2005)
Appl. Envir. Microbiol. 71, 5858-5864
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Role of the Regulatory Gene rirA in the Transcriptional Response of Sinorhizobium meliloti to Iron Limitation.
T.-C. Chao, J. Buhrmester, N. Hansmeier, A. Puhler, and S. Weidner (2005)
Appl. Envir. Microbiol. 71, 5969-5982
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Systematic Targeted Mutagenesis of Brucella melitensis 16M Reveals a Major Role for GntR Regulators in the Control of Virulence.
V. Haine, A. Sinon, F. Van Steen, S. Rousseau, M. Dozot, P. Lestrate, C. Lambert, J.-J. Letesson, and X. De Bolle (2005)
Infect. Immun. 73, 5578-5586
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Two New Sinorhizobium meliloti LysR-Type Transcriptional Regulators Required for Nodulation.
L. Luo, S.-Y. Yao, A. Becker, S. Ruberg, G.-Q. Yu, J.-B. Zhu, and H.-P. Cheng (2005)
J. Bacteriol. 187, 4562-4572
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
NodMutDB: a database for genes and mutants involved in symbiosis.
C. Mao, J. Qiu, C. Wang, T. C. Charles, and B. W. S. Sobral (2005)
Bioinformatics 21, 2927-2929
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Dispersal and Evolution of the Sinorhizobium meliloti Group II RmInt1 Intron in Bacteria that Interact with Plants.
M. Fernandez-Lopez, E. Munoz-Adelantado, M. Gillis, A. Willems, and N. Toro (2005)
Mol. Biol. Evol. 22, 1518-1528
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Nebulon: a system for the inference of functional relationships of gene products from the rearrangement of predicted operons.
S. C. Janga, J. Collado-Vides, and G. Moreno-Hagelsieb (2005)
Nucleic Acids Res. 33, 2521-2530
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Cupin-Type Phosphoglucose Isomerases (Cupin-PGIs) Constitute a Novel Metal-Dependent PGI Family Representing a Convergent Line of PGI Evolution.
T. Hansen, B. Schlichting, M. Felgendreher, and P. Schonheit (2005)
J. Bacteriol. 187, 1621-1631
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Detection of and Response to Signals Involved in Host-Microbe Interactions by Plant-Associated Bacteria.
A. Brencic and S. C. Winans (2005)
Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 69, 155-194
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Ectoine-Induced Proteins in Sinorhizobium meliloti Include an Ectoine ABC-Type Transporter Involved in Osmoprotection and Ectoine Catabolism.
M. Jebbar, L. Sohn-Bosser, E. Bremer, T. Bernard, and C. Blanco (2005)
J. Bacteriol. 187, 1293-1304
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Vibrios Commonly Possess Two Chromosomes.
K. Okada, T. Iida, K. Kita-Tsukamoto, and T. Honda (2005)
J. Bacteriol. 187, 752-757
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Glutathione Plays a Fundamental Role in Growth and Symbiotic Capacity of Sinorhizobium meliloti.
J. Harrison, A. Jamet, C. I. Muglia, G. Van de Sype, O. M. Aguilar, A. Puppo, and P. Frendo (2005)
J. Bacteriol. 187, 168-174
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »


To Advertise     Find Products

Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)