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Science 20 July 2001:
Vol. 293. no. 5529, pp. 498 - 506
DOI: 10.1126/science.1061217
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Reports

Complete Genome Sequence of a Virulent Isolate of Streptococcus pneumoniae

Hervé Tettelin,1 Karen E. Nelson,1 Ian T. Paulsen,12 Jonathan A. Eisen,12 Timothy D. Read,1 Scott Peterson,13 John Heidelberg,1 Robert T. DeBoy,1 Daniel H. Haft,1 Robert J. Dodson,1 A. Scott Durkin,1 Michelle Gwinn,1 James F. Kolonay,1 William C. Nelson,1 Jeremy D. Peterson,1 Lowell A. Umayam,1 Owen White,1 Steven L. Salzberg,14 Matthew R. Lewis,1 Diana Radune,1 Erik Holtzapple,1 Hoda Khouri,1 Alex M. Wolf,1 Terry R. Utterback,1 Cheryl L. Hansen,1 Lisa A. McDonald,1 Tamara V. Feldblyum,1 Samuel Angiuoli,1 Tanja Dickinson,1 Erin K. Hickey,1 Ingeborg E. Holt,1 Brendan J. Loftus,1 Fan Yang,1 Hamilton O. Smith,1* J. Craig Venter,1* Brian A. Dougherty,5 Donald A. Morrison,6 Susan K. Hollingshead,7 Claire M. Fraser13dagger

The 2,160,837-base pair genome sequence of an isolate of Streptococcus pneumoniae, a Gram-positive pathogen that causes pneumonia, bacteremia, meningitis, and otitis media, contains 2236 predicted coding regions; of these, 1440 (64%) were assigned a biological role. Approximately 5% of the genome is composed of insertion sequences that may contribute to genome rearrangements through uptake of foreign DNA. Extracellular enzyme systems for the metabolism of polysaccharides and hexosamines provide a substantial source of carbon and nitrogen for S. pneumoniae and also damage host tissues and facilitate colonization. A motif identified within the signal peptide of proteins is potentially involved in targeting these proteins to the cell surface of low-guanine/cytosine (GC) Gram-positive species. Several surface-exposed proteins that may serve as potential vaccine candidates were identified. Comparative genome hybridization with DNA arrays revealed strain differences in S. pneumoniae that could contribute to differences in virulence and antigenicity.

1 The Institute for Genomic Research (TIGR), 9712 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
2 Johns Hopkins University, Charles and 34th Streets, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
3 George Washington University Medical Center, 2300 Eye Street, NW, Washington, DC 20037, USA.
4 Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
5 Bristol-Myers Squibb PRI, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA.
6 University of Illinois at Chicago, 900 South Ashland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
7 University of Alabama at Birmingham, 845 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
*   Present address: Celera Genomics, 45 West Gude Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.

dagger    To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: cmfraser{at}tigr.org

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Infect. Immun. 74, 5888-5892
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Comparative Genomic Evidence for a Close Relationship between the Dimorphic Prosthecate Bacteria Hyphomonas neptunium and Caulobacter crescentus..
J. H. Badger, T. R. Hoover, Y. V. Brun, R. M. Weiner, M. T. Laub, G. Alexandre, J. Mrazek, Q. Ren, I. T. Paulsen, K. E. Nelson, et al. (2006)
J. Bacteriol. 188, 6841-6850
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Regulation of Glutamine and Glutamate Metabolism by GlnR and GlnA in Streptococcus pneumoniae.
T. G. Kloosterman, W. T. Hendriksen, J. J. E. Bijlsma, H. J. Bootsma, S. A. F. T. van Hijum, J. Kok, P. W. M. Hermans, and O. P. Kuipers (2006)
J. Biol. Chem. 281, 25097-25109
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Lysogeny of Streptococcus pneumoniae with MM1 Phage: Improved Adherence and Other Phenotypic Changes..
J. M. Loeffler and V. A. Fischetti (2006)
Infect. Immun. 74, 4486-4495
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Maltodextrin utilization plays a key role in the ability of group a streptococcus to colonize the oropharynx..
S. A. Shelburne III, P. Sumby, I. Sitkiewicz, N. Okorafor, C. Granville, P. Patel, J. Voyich, R. Hull, F. R. DeLeo, and J. M. Musser (2006)
Infect. Immun. 74, 4605-4614
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Identification of a Candidate Streptococcus pneumoniae Core Genome and Regions of Diversity Correlated with Invasive Pneumococcal Disease..
C. Obert, J. Sublett, D. Kaushal, E. Hinojosa, T. Barton, E. I. Tuomanen, and C. J. Orihuela (2006)
Infect. Immun. 74, 4766-4777
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A Functional dlt Operon, Encoding Proteins Required for Incorporation of D-Alanine in Teichoic Acids in Gram-Positive Bacteria, Confers Resistance to Cationic Antimicrobial Peptides in Streptococcus pneumoniae..
M. Kovacs, A. Halfmann, I. Fedtke, M. Heintz, A. Peschel, W. Vollmer, R. Hakenbeck, and R. Bruckner (2006)
J. Bacteriol. 188, 5797-5805
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Cell Wall-Mediated Neuronal Damage in Early Sepsis.
C. J. Orihuela, S. Fillon, S. H. Smith-Sielicki, K. C. El Kasmi, G. Gao, K. Soulis, A. Patil, P. J. Murray, and E. I. Tuomanen (2006)
Infect. Immun. 74, 3783-3789
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Acyl Carrier Protein Synthases from Gram-Negative, Gram-Positive, and Atypical Bacterial Species: Biochemical and Structural Properties and Physiological Implications.
K. A. McAllister, R. B. Peery, and G. Zhao (2006)
J. Bacteriol. 188, 4737-4748
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Interference between Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus: In Vitro Hydrogen Peroxide-Mediated Killing by Streptococcus pneumoniae.
G. Regev-Yochay, K. Trzcinski, C. M. Thompson, R. Malley, and M. Lipsitch (2006)
J. Bacteriol. 188, 4996-5001
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Horizontal transfer of the immunoglobulin A1 protease gene (iga) from Streptococcus to Gemella haemolysans.
N. Takenouchi-Ohkubo, L. M. Mortensen, K. R. Drasbek, M. Kilian, and K. Poulsen (2006)
Microbiology 152, 2171-2180
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BAGEL: a web-based bacteriocin genome mining tool..
A. de Jong, S. A. F. T. van Hijum, J. J. E. Bijlsma, J. Kok, and O. P. Kuipers (2006)
Nucleic Acids Res. 34, W273-W279
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Streptococcus pneumoniae Recruits Complement Factor H through the Amino Terminus of CbpA.
L. Lu, Y. Ma, and J.-R. Zhang (2006)
J. Biol. Chem. 281, 15464-15474
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Competitive metagenomic DNA hybridization identifies host-specific microbial genetic markers in cow fecal samples..
O. C. Shanks, J. W. Santo Domingo, R. Lamendella, C. A. Kelty, and J. E. Graham (2006)
Appl. Envir. Microbiol. 72, 4054-4060
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Genomic Diversity between Strains of the Same Serotype and Multilocus Sequence Type among Pneumococcal Clinical Isolates..
N. A. Silva, J. McCluskey, J. M. C. Jefferies, J. Hinds, A. Smith, S. C. Clarke, T. J. Mitchell, and G. K. Paterson (2006)
Infect. Immun. 74, 3513-3518
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Effect of subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics on mutation frequency in Streptococcus pneumoniae.
S. K. Henderson-Begg, D. M. Livermore, and L. M. C. Hall (2006)
J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 57, 849-854
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Phenotypic Characterization of Streptococcus pneumoniae Biofilm Development..
M. Allegrucci, F. Z. Hu, K. Shen, J. Hayes, G. D. Ehrlich, J. C. Post, and K. Sauer (2006)
J. Bacteriol. 188, 2325-2335
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Cross-Linked Peptidoglycan Mediates Lysostaphin Binding to the Cell Wall Envelope of Staphylococcus aureus..
A. Grundling and O. Schneewind (2006)
J. Bacteriol. 188, 2463-2472
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Characteristic Signatures of the lytA Gene Provide a Basis for Rapid and Reliable Diagnosis of Streptococcus pneumoniae Infections.
D. Llull, R. Lopez, and E. Garcia (2006)
J. Clin. Microbiol. 44, 1250-1256
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Putative Surface Proteins Encoded within a Novel Transferable Locus Confer a High-Biofilm Phenotype to Enterococcus faecalis.
P. M. Tendolkar, A. S. Baghdayan, and N. Shankar (2006)
J. Bacteriol. 188, 2063-2072
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Sortases and the Art of Anchoring Proteins to the Envelopes of Gram-Positive Bacteria.
L. A. Marraffini, A. C. DeDent, and O. Schneewind (2006)
Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 70, 192-221
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Involvement of the Putative ATP-Dependent Efflux Proteins PatA and PatB in Fluoroquinolone Resistance of a Multidrug-Resistant Mutant of Streptococcus pneumoniae.
E. Marrer, K. Schad, A. T. Satoh, M. G. P. Page, M. M. Johnson, and L. J. V. Piddock (2006)
Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 50, 685-693
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Multifunctional Role of Choline Binding Protein G in Pneumococcal Pathogenesis.
B. Mann, C. Orihuela, J. Antikainen, G. Gao, J. Sublett, T. K. Korhonen, and E. Tuomanen (2006)
Infect. Immun. 74, 821-829
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Mn2+-Dependent Regulation of Multiple Genes in Streptococcus pneumoniae through PsaR and the Resultant Impact on Virulence.
J. W. Johnston, D. E. Briles, L. E. Myers, and S. K. Hollingshead (2006)
Infect. Immun. 74, 1171-1180
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