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Science 13 July 2001:
Vol. 293. no. 5528, pp. 293 - 297
DOI: 10.1126/science.1060191
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Reports

Endothelial Apoptosis as the Primary Lesion Initiating Intestinal Radiation Damage in Mice

François Paris,1 Zvi Fuks,2 Anthony Kang,1 Paola Capodieci,3 Gloria Juan,3 Desiree Ehleiter,1 Adriana Haimovitz-Friedman,2 Carlos Cordon-Cardo,3 Richard Kolesnick1*

Gastrointestinal (GI) tract damage by chemotherapy or radiation limits their efficacy in cancer treatment. Radiation has been postulated to target epithelial stem cells within the crypts of Lieberkühn to initiate the lethal GI syndrome. Here, we show in mouse models that microvascular endothelial apoptosis is the primary lesion leading to stem cell dysfunction. Radiation-induced crypt damage, organ failure, and death from the GI syndrome were prevented when endothelial apoptosis was inhibited pharmacologically by intravenous basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) or genetically by deletion of the acid sphingomyelinase gene. Endothelial, but not crypt, cells express FGF receptor transcripts, suggesting that the endothelial lesion occurs before crypt stem cell damage in the evolution of the GI syndrome. This study provides a basis for new approaches to prevent radiation damage to the bowel.

1 Laboratory of Signal Transduction and
2 Department of Radiation Oncology and
3 Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA.
*   To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: r-kolesnick{at}ski.mskcc.org

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PNAS 98, 12334-12336
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In Vivo Blockade of Tumor Necrosis Factor-{alpha} Accelerates Functional Endothelial Recovery After Balloon Angioplasty.
K. Krasinski, I. Spyridopoulos, M. Kearney, and D. W. Losordo (2001)
Circulation 104, 1754-1756