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Science 6 July 2001:
Vol. 293. no. 5527, pp. 104 - 111
DOI: 10.1126/science.1060310
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Reports

Human Chromosome 19 and Related Regions in Mouse: Conservative and Lineage-Specific Evolution

Paramvir Dehal,124 Paul Predki,15 Anne S. Olsen,12 Art Kobayashi,12 Peg Folta,12 Susan Lucas,12 Miriam Land,18 Astrid Terry,12 Carol L. Ecale Zhou,12 Sam Rash,12 Qing Zhang,15 Laurie Gordon,12 Joomyeong Kim,12 Christopher Elkin,13 Martin J. Pollard,16 Paul Richardson,15 Dan Rokhsar,17 Ed Uberbacher,18 Trevor Hawkins,15 Elbert Branscomb,12 Lisa Stubbs12*

To illuminate the function and evolutionary history of both genomes, we sequenced mouse DNA related to human chromosome 19. Comparative sequence alignments yielded confirmatory evidence for hypothetical genes and identified exons, regulatory elements, and candidate genes that were missed by other predictive methods. Chromosome-wide comparisons revealed a difference between single-copy HSA19 genes, which are overwhelmingly conserved in mouse, and genes residing in tandem familial clusters, which differ extensively in number, coding capacity, and organization between the two species. Finally, we sequenced breakpoints of all 15 evolutionary rearrangements, providing a view of the forces that drive chromosome evolution in mammals.

1 DOE Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA.
2 Genomics and
3 Engineering Divisions, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA.
4 Department of Genetics, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
5 Genomics and
6 Engineering Divisions, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
7 Physics Department, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
8 Life Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA.
*   To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: stubbs5{at}llnl.gov

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