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Science 18 May 2001:
Vol. 292. no. 5520, pp. 1360 - 1363
DOI: 10.1126/science.1059567
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Reports

Bacterial Recognition of Mineral Surfaces: Nanoscale Interactions Between Shewanella and alpha -FeOOH

Steven K. Lower,1* Michael F. Hochella Jr.,1 Terry J. Beveridge2

Force microscopy has been used to quantitatively measure the infinitesimal forces that characterize interactions between Shewanella oneidensis (a dissimilatory metal-reducing bacterium) and goethite (alpha -FeOOH), both commonly found in Earth near-surface environments. Force measurements with subnanonewton resolution were made in real time with living cells under aerobic and anaerobic solutions as a function of the distance, in nanometers, between a cell and the mineral surface. Energy values [in attojoules (10-18 joules)] derived from these measurements show that the affinity between S. oneidensis and goethite rapidly increases by two to five times under anaerobic conditions in which electron transfer from bacterium to mineral is expected. Specific signatures in the force curves suggest that a 150-kilodalton putative iron reductase is mobilized within the outer membrane of S. oneidensis and specifically interacts with the goethite surface to facilitate the electron transfer process.

1 NanoGeoscience and Technology Laboratory, Department of Geological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
2 Department of Microbiology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada.
*   To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: slower{at}vt.edu Present address: Department of Geology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.

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