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To test the hypotheses of modern human origin in East
Asia, we sampled 12,127 male individuals from 163 populations and typedfor three Y chromosome biallelic markers (YAP, M89, and M130).All the individuals carried a mutation at one of the three sites.These
three mutations (YAP+, M89T, and M130T) coalesce to
anothermutation (M168T), which originated in Africa about
35,000 to 89,000years ago. Therefore, the data do not support even a
minimal insitu hominid contribution in the origin of anatomically
modernhumans in East Asia.
1 State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering,
Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, China 200443, and Morgan-Tan International
Center for Life Sciences, Shanghai, China.
2 Kunming
Institute of Zoology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.
3 Human Genetics Center, University of
Texas-Houston, 1200 Herman Pressler E547, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
4 Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta,
Indonesia.
5 Department of Environmental Health,
University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
6 Department of Genetics, Stanford University,
Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
7 Department of Biology,
Yunnan University, Kunming, China.
8 Department of
Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
9 Center for Molecular Medicine, Emory
University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
10 Wellcome Trust Center for Human Genetics,
University of Oxford, UK.
11 Program for Population
Genetics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
12 Shanghai Second Medical University, Shanghai,
China.
13 National Human Genome Center at Shanghai,
China.
*
These authors contributed equally to this work.
To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
ljin{at}fudan.edu or ljin{at}sph.uth.tmc.edu
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