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Originally published in Science Express on 22 March 2001
Science 20 April 2001:
Vol. 292. no. 5516, pp. 476 - 479
DOI: 10.1126/science.1060182
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Reports

Observation of Vortex Lattices in Bose-Einstein Condensates

J. R. Abo-Shaeer, C. Raman, J. M. Vogels, W. Ketterle

Quantized vortices play a key role in superfluidity and superconductivity. We have observed the formation of highly ordered vortex lattices in a rotating Bose-condensed gas. These triangular lattices contained over 100 vortices with lifetimes of several seconds. Individual vortices persisted up to 40 seconds. The lattices could be generated over a wide range of rotation frequencies and trap geometries, shedding light on the formation process. Our observation of dislocations, irregular structure, and dynamics indicates that gaseous Bose-Einstein condensates may be a model system for the study of vortex matter.

Department of Physics, Center for Ultracold Atoms at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University, and Research Laboratory of Electronics, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.

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