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Science 30 March 2001:
Vol. 291. no. 5513, pp. 2606 - 2608
DOI: 10.1126/science.1056421
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Reports

Costs and Benefits of High Mutation Rates: Adaptive Evolution of Bacteria in the Mouse Gut

Antoine Giraud,12 Ivan Matic,1 Olivier Tenaillon,1 Antonio Clara,2 Miroslav Radman,1 Michel Fons,2 François Taddei1*

We have shown that bacterial mutation rates change during the experimental colonization of the mouse gut. A high mutation rate was initially beneficial because it allowed faster adaptation, but this benefit disappeared once adaptation was achieved. Mutator bacteria accumulated mutations that, although neutral in the mouse gut, are often deleterious in secondary environments. Consistently, the competitiveness of mutator bacteria is reduced during transmission to and re-colonization of similar hosts. The short-term advantages and long-term disadvantages of mutator bacteria could account for their frequency in nature.

1 E9916, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Faculté de Médicine "Necker Enfants Malades," Université René Descartes-Paris V, 156 Rue de Vaugirard, 75015 Paris, France.
2 UEPSD-FBI, Bat 440-CRJ, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
*   To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: taddei{at}necker.fr

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Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)