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Chemical tools have proven indispensable for studies in
glycobiology. Synthetic oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates providematerials for correlating structure with function. Synthetic mimicsof
the complex assemblies found on cell surfaces can modulatecellular
interactions and are under development as therapeuticagents. Small
molecule inhibitors of carbohydrate biosyntheticand processing enzymes
can block the assembly of specific oligosaccharidestructures.
Inhibitors of carbohydrate recognition and biosynthesiscan reveal the
biological functions of the carbohydrate epitopeand its cognate
receptors. Carbohydrate biosynthetic pathwaysare often amenable to
interception with synthetic unnatural substrates.Such metabolic
interference can block the expression of oligosaccharidesor
alter the structures of the sugars presented on cells. Collectively,these chemical approaches are contributing great insight intothe
myriad biological functions of oligosaccharides.
1 Departments of Chemistry and Molecular and
Cell Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of
California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
2 Departments
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
53706, USA.
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