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Science 1 December 2000:
Vol. 290. no. 5497, pp. 1717 - 1721
DOI: 10.1126/science.290.5497.1717
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Review

Autophagy as a Regulated Pathway of Cellular Degradation

Daniel J. Klionsky,1* Scott D. Emr2

Macroautophagy is a dynamic process involving the rearrangement of subcellular membranes to sequester cytoplasm and organelles for delivery to the lysosome or vacuole where the sequestered cargo is degraded and recycled. This process takes place in all eukaryotic cells. It is highly regulated through the action of various kinases, phosphatases, and guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases). The core protein machinery that is necessary to drive formation and consumption of intermediates in the macroautophagy pathway includes a ubiquitin-like protein conjugation system and a protein complex that directs membrane docking and fusion at the lysosome or vacuole. Macroautophagy plays an important role in developmental processes, human disease, and cellular response to nutrient deprivation.

1 Department of Biology, University of Michigan, 830 North University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1048, USA.
2 Division of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, La Jolla, CA 92093-0668, USA.
*   To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: klionsky{at}umich.edu

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Oxidative Aging and Insulin Receptor Signaling.
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Amino acids mediate mTOR/raptor signaling through activation of class 3 phosphatidylinositol 3OH-kinase.
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Colony sectorization of Metarhizium anisopliae is a sign of ageing.
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Autophagy in chronically ischemic myocardium.
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Lithium induces autophagy by inhibiting inositol monophosphatase.
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