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Science 24 November 2000:
Vol. 290. no. 5496, pp. 1591 - 1593
DOI: 10.1126/science.290.5496.1591
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Reports

Control of SIV Rebound Through Structured Treatment Interruptions During Early Infection

Franco Lori,1 Mark G. Lewis,2 Jianqing Xu,1 Georg Varga,1 Donald E. Zinn Jr.,1 Carrol Crabbs,2 Wendeline Wagner,2 Jack Greenhouse,2 Peter Silvera,2 Jake Yalley-Ogunro,2 Carmine Tinelli,3 Julianna Lisziewicz1*

In a randomized controlled trial with acute simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected macaques, both highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and HAART with fixed-schedule structured treatment interruption (STI-HAART; alternating 3 weeks on and 3 weeks off therapy) suppressed viral load. In the STI-HAART group, T cell virus-specific immune response (VIR) and control of viral rebound increased concurrently during subsequent interruptions. In contrast, VIR did not increase and SIV rebounded after permanent treatment withdrawal in all animals on continuous HAART. Fixed-schedule STI-HAART appears to be an effective alternative to continuous HAART for the early treatment of retroviral infection.

1 Research Institute for Genetic and Human Therapy (RIGHT), Medical-Dental Building SW307, 3900 Reservoir Road, NW, Washington, DC 20007, USA, and Pavia, Italy.
2 Southern Research Institute, Frederick, MD 21701, USA.
3 IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy.
*   To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: right{at}gunet.georgetown.edu

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