Note to users. If you're seeing this message, it means that your browser cannot find this page's style/presentation instructions -- or possibly that you are using a browser that does not support current Web standards. Find out more about why this message is appearing, and what you can do to make your experience of our site the best it can be.

Site Tools

  • AAAS
  • Subscribe
  • Feedback

Site Search

Search Advanced

Science 20 October 2000:
Vol. 290. no. 5491, pp. 486 - 492
DOI: 10.1126/science.290.5491.486
Prev | Table of Contents | Next

Research Articles

Control of Viremia and Prevention of Clinical AIDS in Rhesus Monkeys by Cytokine-Augmented DNA Vaccination

Dan H. Barouch,1* Sampa Santra,1 Jörn E. Schmitz,1 Marcelo J. Kuroda,1 Tong-Ming Fu,2 Wendeline Wagner,3 Miroslawa Bilska,4 Abie Craiu,1 Xin Xiao Zheng,1 Georgia R. Krivulka,1 Kristin Beaudry,1 Michelle A. Lifton,1 Christine E. Nickerson,1 Wendy L. Trigona,2 Kara Punt,2 Dan C. Freed,2 Liming Guan,2 Sheri Dubey,2 Danilo Casimiro,2 Adam Simon,2 Mary-Ellen Davies,2 Michael Chastain,2 Terry B. Strom,1 Rebecca S. Gelman,5 David C. Montefiori,4 Mark G. Lewis,3 Emilio A. Emini,2 John W. Shiver,2 Norman L. Letvin1

With accumulating evidence indicating the importance of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in containing human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) replication in infected individuals, strategies are being pursued to elicit virus-specific CTLs with prototype HIV-1 vaccines. Here, we report the protective efficacy of vaccine-elicited immune responses against a pathogenic SHIV-89.6P challenge in rhesus monkeys. Immune responses were elicited by DNA vaccines expressing SIVmac239 Gag and HIV-1 89.6P Env, augmented by the administration of the purified fusion protein IL-2/Ig, consisting of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and the Fc portion of immunoglobulin G (IgG), or a plasmid encoding IL-2/Ig. After SHIV-89.6P infection, sham-vaccinated monkeys developed weak CTL responses, rapid loss of CD4+ T cells, no virus-specific CD4+ T cell responses, high setpoint viral loads, significant clinical disease progression, and death in half of the animals by day 140 after challenge. In contrast, all monkeys that received the DNA vaccines augmented with IL-2/Ig were infected, but demonstrated potent secondary CTL responses, stable CD4+ T cell counts, preserved virus-specific CD4+ T cell responses, low to undetectable setpoint viral loads, and no evidence of clinical disease or mortality by day 140 after challenge.

1 Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
2 Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486, USA.
3 Southern Research Institute, 431 Aviation Way, Frederick, MD 21701, USA.
4 Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
5 Department of Biostatistical Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
*   To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: dan_barouch{at}hotmail.com

Read the Full Text


THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES:
Is the Gut the Major Source of Virus in Early Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection?.
M. D. H. Lay, J. Petravic, S. N. Gordon, J. Engram, G. Silvestri, and M. P. Davenport (2009)
J. Virol. 83, 7517-7523
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Vaccine-Induced Cellular Responses Control Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Replication after Heterologous Challenge.
N. A. Wilson, B. F. Keele, J. S. Reed, S. M. Piaskowski, C. E. MacNair, A. J. Bett, X. Liang, F. Wang, E. Thoryk, G. J. Heidecker, et al. (2009)
J. Virol. 83, 6508-6521
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Vaccine-Induced, Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Specific CD8+ T Cells Reduce Virus Replication but Do Not Protect from Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Disease Progression.
J. C. Engram, R. M. Dunham, G. Makedonas, T. H. Vanderford, B. Sumpter, N. R. Klatt, S. J. Ratcliffe, S. Garg, M. Paiardini, M. McQuoid, et al. (2009)
J. Immunol. 183, 706-717
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Improved Survival in Rhesus Macaques Immunized with Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara Recombinants Expressing Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Envelope Correlates with Reduction in Memory CD4+ T-Cell Loss and Higher Titers of Neutralizing Antibody.
I. Ourmanov, T. Kuwata, R. Goeken, S. Goldstein, R. Iyengar, A. Buckler-White, B. Lafont, and V. M. Hirsch (2009)
J. Virol. 83, 5388-5400
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Acute-phase CD4+ T-cell proliferation and CD152 upregulation predict set-point virus replication in vaccinated simian-human immunodeficiency virus strain 89.6p-infected macaques.
G. Koopman, D. Mortier, S. Hofman, M. Koutsoukos, W. M. J. M. Bogers, B. Wahren, G. Voss, and J. L. Heeney (2009)
J. Gen. Virol. 90, 915-926
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
HIV-1 subtype C Pr55gag virus-like particle vaccine efficiently boosts baboons primed with a matched DNA vaccine.
G. K. Chege, E. G. Shephard, A. Meyers, J. van Harmelen, C. Williamson, A. Lynch, C. M. Gray, E. P. Rybicki, and A.-L. Williamson (2008)
J. Gen. Virol. 89, 2214-2227
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
HIV Vaccine Research: The Way Forward.
A. S. Fauci, M. I. Johnston, C. W. Dieffenbach, D. R. Burton, S. M. Hammer, J. A. Hoxie, M. Martin, J. Overbaugh, D. I. Watkins, A. Mahmoud, et al. (2008)
Science 321, 530-532
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Recruitment of Antigen-Presenting Cells to the Site of Inoculation and Augmentation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 DNA Vaccine Immunogenicity by In Vivo Electroporation.
J. Liu, R. Kjeken, I. Mathiesen, and D. H. Barouch (2008)
J. Virol. 82, 5643-5649
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Envelope Determinants of Equine Infectious Anemia Virus Vaccine Protection and the Effects of Sequence Variation on Immune Recognition.
T. L. Tagmyer, J. K. Craigo, S. J. Cook, D. L. Even, C. J. Issel, and R. C. Montelaro (2008)
J. Virol. 82, 4052-4063
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Expansion and Exhaustion of T-Cell Responses during Mutational Escape from Long-Term Viral Control in Two DNA/Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara-Vaccinated and Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus SHIV-89.6P-Challenged Macaques.
S. Sadagopal, R. R. Amara, S. Kannanganat, S. Sharma, L. Chennareddi, and H. L. Robinson (2008)
J. Virol. 82, 4149-4153
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Vaccine Protection by Live, Attenuated Simian Immunodeficiency Virus in the Absence of High-Titer Antibody Responses and High-Frequency Cellular Immune Responses Measurable in the Periphery.
K. Mansfield, S. M. Lang, M.-C. Gauduin, H. B. Sanford, J. D. Lifson, R. P. Johnson, and R. C. Desrosiers (2008)
J. Virol. 82, 4135-4148
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Challenge of HIV-1 Subtype Diversity.
B. S. Taylor, M. E. Sobieszczyk, F. E. McCutchan, and S. M. Hammer (2008)
N. Engl. J. Med. 358, 1590-1602
   Full Text »    PDF »
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Vaccine Development: Recent Advances in the Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Platform "Spotty Business".
K. A. Schoenly and D. B. Weiner (2008)
J. Virol. 82, 3166-3180
   Full Text »    PDF »
Induction of Broad Cross-Subtype-Specific HIV-1 Immune Responses by a Novel Multivalent HIV-1 Peptide Vaccine in Cynomolgus Macaques.
A. Azizi, D. E. Anderson, J. V. Torres, A. Ogrel, M. Ghorbani, C. Soare, P. Sandstrom, J. Fournier, and F. Diaz-Mitoma (2008)
J. Immunol. 180, 2174-2186
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Clonal Focusing of Epitope-Specific CD8+ T Lymphocytes in Rhesus Monkeys following Vaccination and Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Challenge.
P. Sen, W. A. Charini, R. A. Subbramanian, E. R. Manuel, M. J. Kuroda, P. A. Autissier, and N. L. Letvin (2008)
J. Virol. 82, 805-816
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Increased Immunogenicity of a DNA-Launched Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus-Based Replicon DNA Vaccine.
K. Ljungberg, A. C. Whitmore, M. E. Fluet, T. P. Moran, R. S. Shabman, M. L. Collier, A. A. Kraus, J. M. Thompson, D. C. Montefiori, C. Beard, et al. (2007)
J. Virol. 81, 13412-13423
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Protection against simian/human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) 89.6P in macaques after coimmunization with SHIV antigen and IL-15 plasmid.
J. D. Boyer, T. M. Robinson, M. A. Kutzler, G. Vansant, D. A. Hokey, S. Kumar, R. Parkinson, L. Wu, M. K. Sidhu, G. N. Pavlakis, et al. (2007)
PNAS 104, 18648-18653
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Derivative with 7% Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Genetic Content Is Able To Establish Infections in Pig-Tailed Macaques.
T. Igarashi, R. Iyengar, R. A. Byrum, A. Buckler-White, R. L. Dewar, C. E. Buckler, H. C. Lane, K. Kamada, A. Adachi, and M. A. Martin (2007)
J. Virol. 81, 11549-11552
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Killing Kinetics of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Specific CD8+ T Cells: Implications for HIV Vaccine Strategies.
E. Rollman, M. Z. Smith, A. G. Brooks, D. F. J. Purcell, B. Zuber, I. A. Ramshaw, and S. J. Kent (2007)
J. Immunol. 179, 4571-4579
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Heterologous Prime/Boost Immunization of Rhesus Monkeys by Using Diverse Poxvirus Vectors.
S. Santra, Y. Sun, J. G. Parvani, V. Philippon, M. S. Wyand, K. Manson, A. Gomez-Yafal, G. Mazzara, D. Panicali, P. D. Markham, et al. (2007)
J. Virol. 81, 8563-8570
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Estimating the Infectivity of CCR5-Tropic Simian Immunodeficiency Virus SIVmac251 in the Gut.
D. P. Wilson, J. J. Mattapallil, M. D. H. Lay, L. Zhang, M. Roederer, and M. P. Davenport (2007)
J. Virol. 81, 8025-8029
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Elevated Expression Levels of Inhibitory Receptor Programmed Death 1 on Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Specific CD8 T Cells during Chronic Infection but Not after Vaccination.
V. Velu, S. Kannanganat, C. Ibegbu, L. Chennareddi, F. Villinger, G. J. Freeman, R. Ahmed, and R. R. Amara (2007)
J. Virol. 81, 5819-5828
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Neutralization Properties of a HIV-Specific Antibody Are Markedly Altered by Glycosylation Events Outside the Antigen-Binding Domain.
L. R. Miranda, M. Duval, H. Doherty, M. S. Seaman, M. R. Posner, and L. A. Cavacini (2007)
J. Immunol. 178, 7132-7138
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Effect of Plasmid DNA Vaccine Design and In Vivo Electroporation on the Resulting Vaccine-Specific Immune Responses in Rhesus Macaques.
A. Luckay, M. K. Sidhu, R. Kjeken, S. Megati, S.-Y. Chong, V. Roopchand, D. Garcia-Hand, R. Abdullah, R. Braun, D. C. Montefiori, et al. (2007)
J. Virol. 81, 5257-5269
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Bleomycin treatment causes enhancement of virus replication in the lungs of SHIV-infected macaques.
N. K. Dhillon, D. Pinson, S. Dhillon, O. Tawfik, M. Danley, M. Davis, O. Nemon, M. Mayo, A. Kumar, Y.-J. Tsai, et al. (2007)
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 292, L1233-L1240
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Understanding the Failure of CD8+ T-Cell Vaccination against Simian/Human Immunodeficiency Virus.
R. J. De Boer (2007)
J. Virol. 81, 2838-2848
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Analysis of TCR{alpha}beta Combinations used by Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Specific CD8+ T Cells in Rhesus Monkeys: Implications for CTL Immunodominance.
A. Hasegawa, C. Moriya, H. Liu, W. A. Charini, H. C. Vinet, R. A. Subbramanian, P. Sen, N. L. Letvin, and M. J. Kuroda (2007)
J. Immunol. 178, 3409-3417
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Vaccine-based, long-term, stable control of simian/human immunodeficiency virus 89.6PD replication in rhesus macaques.
H. Yamamoto, M. Kawada, T. Tsukamoto, A. Takeda, H. Igarashi, M. Miyazawa, T. Naruse, M. Yasunami, A. Kimura, and T. Matano (2007)
J. Gen. Virol. 88, 652-659
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Vaccination of Cats with Attenuated Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Proviral DNA Vaccine Expressing Gamma Interferon.
S. Gupta, C. M. Leutenegger, G. A. Dean, J. D. Steckbeck, K. S. Cole, and E. E. Sparger (2007)
J. Virol. 81, 465-473
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Clinical experience with plasmid DNA- and modified vaccinia virus Ankara-vectored human immunodeficiency virus type 1 clade A vaccine focusing on T-cell induction.
T. Hanke, A. J. McMichael, and L. Dorrell (2007)
J. Gen. Virol. 88, 1-12
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Comparative Efficacy of Subtype AE Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Priming and Boosting Vaccines in Pigtail Macaques.
R. De Rose, C. J. Batten, M. Z. Smith, C. S. Fernandez, V. Peut, S. Thomson, I. A. Ramshaw, B. E. H. Coupar, D. B. Boyle, V. Venturi, et al. (2007)
J. Virol. 81, 292-300
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Identification of a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) epitope recognized by Gag-specific CTLs in cynomolgus monkeys infected with simian/human immunodeficiency virus..
D. R. M. Negri, M. Borghi, S. Baroncelli, I. Macchia, V. Buffa, L. Sernicola, P. Leone, F. Titti, and A. Cara (2006)
J. Gen. Virol. 87, 3385-3392
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A DNA Prime-Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara Boost Vaccine Encoding Thrombospondin-Related Adhesion Protein but Not Circumsporozoite Protein Partially Protects Healthy Malaria-Naive Adults against Plasmodium falciparum Sporozoite Challenge..
S. J. Dunachie, M. Walther, J. E. Epstein, S. Keating, T. Berthoud, L. Andrews, R. F. Andersen, P. Bejon, N. Goonetilleke, I. Poulton, et al. (2006)
Infect. Immun. 74, 5933-5942
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Molecularly Cloned SHIV-1157ipd3N4: a Highly Replication- Competent, Mucosally Transmissible R5 Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Encoding HIV Clade C env..
R. J. Song, A.-L. Chenine, R. A. Rasmussen, C. R. Ruprecht, S. Mirshahidi, R. D. Grisson, W. Xu, J. B. Whitney, L. M. Goins, H. Ong, et al. (2006)
J. Virol. 80, 8729-8738
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Cross-Subtype T-Cell Immune Responses Induced by a Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Group M Consensus Env Immunogen.
E. A. Weaver, Z. Lu, Z. T. Camacho, F. Moukdar, H.-X. Liao, B.-J. Ma, M. Muldoon, J. Theiler, G. J. Nabel, N. L. Letvin, et al. (2006)
J. Virol. 80, 6745-6756
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Vaccination preserves CD4 memory T cells during acute simian immunodeficiency virus challenge.
J. J. Mattapallil, D. C. Douek, A. Buckler-White, D. Montefiori, N. L. Letvin, G. J. Nabel, and M. Roederer (2006)
J. Exp. Med. 203, 1533-1541
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Preserved CD4+ central memory T cells and survival in vaccinated SIV-challenged monkeys..
N. L. Letvin, J. R. Mascola, Y. Sun, D. A. Gorgone, A. P. Buzby, L. Xu, Z.-y. Yang, B. Chakrabarti, S. S. Rao, J. E. Schmitz, et al. (2006)
Science 312, 1530-1533
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A single administration of lentiviral vectors expressing either full-length human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1)HXB2 Rev/Env or codon-optimized HIV-1JR-FL gp120 generates durable immune responses in mice.
V. Buffa, D. R. M. Negri, P. Leone, R. Bona, M. Borghi, I. Bacigalupo, D. Carlei, C. Sgadari, B. Ensoli, and A. Cara (2006)
J. Gen. Virol. 87, 1625-1634
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Vaccine-Induced Cellular Immune Responses Reduce Plasma Viral Concentrations after Repeated Low-Dose Challenge with Pathogenic Simian Immunodeficiency Virus SIVmac239..
N. A. Wilson, J. Reed, G. S. Napoe, S. Piaskowski, A. Szymanski, J. Furlott, E. J. Gonzalez, L. J. Yant, N. J. Maness, G. E. May, et al. (2006)
J. Virol. 80, 5875-5885
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Induction of Multifunctional Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1)-Specific T Cells Capable of Proliferation in Healthy Subjects by Using a Prime-Boost Regimen of DNA- and Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara-Vectored Vaccines Expressing HIV-1 Gag Coupled to CD8+ T-Cell Epitopes..
N. Goonetilleke, S. Moore, L. Dally, N. Winstone, I. Cebere, A. Mahmoud, S. Pinheiro, G. Gillespie, D. Brown, V. Loach, et al. (2006)
J. Virol. 80, 4717-4728
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Involvement of Multiple Epitope-Specific Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Responses in Vaccine-Based Control of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Replication in Rhesus Macaques.
M. Kawada, H. Igarashi, A. Takeda, T. Tsukamoto, H. Yamamoto, S. Dohki, M. Takiguchi, and T. Matano (2006)
J. Virol. 80, 1949-1958
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Protection of Mice and Poultry from Lethal H5N1 Avian Influenza Virus through Adenovirus-Based Immunization.
W. Gao, A. C. Soloff, X. Lu, A. Montecalvo, D. C. Nguyen, Y. Matsuoka, P. D. Robbins, D. E. Swayne, R. O. Donis, J. M. Katz, et al. (2006)
J. Virol. 80, 1959-1964
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Design and preclinical evaluation of a multigene human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype C DNA vaccine for clinical trial.
W. A. Burgers, J. H. van Harmelen, E. Shephard, C. Adams, T. Mgwebi, W. Bourn, T. Hanke, A.-L. Williamson, and C. Williamson (2006)
J. Gen. Virol. 87, 399-410
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Induction of Positive Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses by a Prime-Boost Vaccine Encoded with Simian Immunodeficiency Virus gag/pol.
K. Someya, Y. Ami, T. Nakasone, Y. Izumi, K. Matsuo, S. Horibata, K.-Q. Xin, H. Yamamoto, K. Okuda, N. Yamamoto, et al. (2006)
J. Immunol. 176, 1784-1795
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Two types of cytotoxic lymphocyte regulation explain kinetics of immune response to human immunodeficiency virus.
I. M. Rouzine, R. A. Sergeev, and A. I. Glushtsov (2006)
PNAS 103, 666-671
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Immunodomination in the Evolution of Dominant Epitope-Specific CD8+ T Lymphocyte Responses in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Rhesus Monkeys.
M. H. Newberg, K. J. McEvers, D. A. Gorgone, M. A. Lifton, S. H. C. Baumeister, R. S. Veazey, J. E. Schmitz, and N. L. Letvin (2006)
J. Immunol. 176, 319-328
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A Combination DNA and Attenuated Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Vaccine Strategy Provides Enhanced Protection from Simian/Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Induced Disease.
R. R. Amara, K. Patel, G. Niedziela, P. Nigam, S. Sharma, S. I. Staprans, D. C. Montefiori, L. Chenareddi, J. G. Herndon, H. L. Robinson, et al. (2005)
J. Virol. 79, 15356-15367
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Escape Does Not Always Explain the Transient Control of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus SIVmac239 Viremia in Adenovirus-Boosted and DNA-Primed Mamu-A*01-Positive Rhesus Macaques.
A. B. McDermott, D. H. O'Connor, S. Fuenger, S. Piaskowski, S. Martin, J. Loffredo, M. Reynolds, J. Reed, J. Furlott, T. Jacoby, et al. (2005)
J. Virol. 79, 15556-15566
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Evaluation of CD8+ T-cell and antibody responses following transient increased viraemia in rhesus macaques infected with live, attenuated simian immunodeficiency virus.
K. J. Metzner, W. J. Moretto, S. M. Donahoe, X. Jin, A. Gettie, D. C. Montefiori, P. A. Marx, J. M. Binley, D. F. Nixon, and R. I. Connor (2005)
J. Gen. Virol. 86, 3375-3384
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Induction of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Specific T Cells by a Bluetongue Virus Tubule-Vectored Vaccine Prime-Recombinant Modified Virus Ankara Boost Regimen.
N. Larke, A. Murphy, C. Wirblich, D. Teoh, M. J. Estcourt, A. J. McMichael, P. Roy, and T. Hanke (2005)
J. Virol. 79, 14822-14833
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Activation of p21-Activated Kinase 2 by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Nef Induces Merlin Phosphorylation.
B. L. Wei, V. K. Arora, A. Raney, L. S. Kuo, G.-H. Xiao, E. O'Neill, J. R. Testa, J. L. Foster, and J. V. Garcia (2005)
J. Virol. 79, 14976-14980
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Sexual Transmission of Single Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Virions Encoding Highly Polymorphic Multisite Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Escape Variants.
A. Milicic, C. T. T. Edwards, S. Hue, J. Fox, H. Brown, T. Pillay, J. W. Drijfhout, J. N. Weber, E. C. Holmes, S. J. Fidler, et al. (2005)
J. Virol. 79, 13953-13962
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Priming-Boosting Vaccination with Recombinant Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guerin and a Nonreplicating Vaccinia Virus Recombinant Leads to Long-Lasting and Effective Immunity.
Y. Ami, Y. Izumi, K. Matsuo, K. Someya, M. Kanekiyo, S. Horibata, N. Yoshino, K. Sakai, K. Shinohara, S. Matsumoto, et al. (2005)
J. Virol. 79, 12871-12879
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Unusually High Frequency MHC Class I Alleles in Mauritian Origin Cynomolgus Macaques.
K. C. Krebs, Z. Jin, R. Rudersdorf, A. L. Hughes, and D. H. O'Connor (2005)
J. Immunol. 175, 5230-5239
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Vectored Gag and Env but Not Tat Show Efficacy against Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus 89.6P Challenge in Mamu-A*01-Negative Rhesus Monkeys.
X. Liang, D. R. Casimiro, W. A. Schleif, F. Wang, M.-E. Davies, Z.-Q. Zhang, T.-M. Fu, A. C. Finnefrock, L. Handt, M. P. Citron, et al. (2005)
J. Virol. 79, 12321-12331
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Recall Proliferation Potential of Memory CD8+ T Cells and Antiviral Protection.
M. F. Bachmann, P. Wolint, K. Schwarz, and A. Oxenius (2005)
J. Immunol. 175, 4677-4685
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II (HLA-DRB and -DQB) Allele Frequencies in Botswana: Association with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection.
T. Ndung'u, S. Gaseitsiwe, E. Sepako, F. Doualla-Bell, T. Peter, S. Kim, I. Thior, V. A. Novitsky, and M. Essex (2005)
Clin. Vaccine Immunol. 12, 1020-1028
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Broad Cross-Clade T-Cell Responses to Gag in Individuals Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Non-B Clades (A to G): Importance of HLA Anchor Residue Conservation.
M. J. Geels, S. A. Dubey, K. Anderson, E. Baan, M. Bakker, G. Pollakis, W. A. Paxton, J. W. Shiver, and J. Goudsmit (2005)
J. Virol. 79, 11247-11258
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Formaldehyde-Treated, Heat-Inactivated Virions with Increased Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Env Can Be Used To Induce High-Titer Neutralizing Antibody Responses.
B. Poon, J. F. Hsu, V. Gudeman, I. S. Y. Chen, and K. Grovit-Ferbas (2005)
J. Virol. 79, 10210-10217
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Influence of Glycosylation on the Efficacy of an Env-Based Vaccine against Simian Immunodeficiency Virus SIVmac239 in a Macaque AIDS Model.
K. Mori, C. Sugimoto, S. Ohgimoto, E. E. Nakayama, T. Shioda, S. Kusagawa, Y. Takebe, M. Kano, T. Matano, T. Yuasa, et al. (2005)
J. Virol. 79, 10386-10396
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
High-Potency Human Immunodeficiency Virus Vaccination Leads to Delayed and Reduced CD8+ T-Cell Expansion but Improved Virus Control.
M. P. Davenport, L. Zhang, A. Bagchi, A. Fridman, T.-M. Fu, W. Schleif, J. W. Shiver, R. M. Ribeiro, and A. S. Perelson (2005)
J. Virol. 79, 10059-10062
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Regulatory Element Enhances the Immunogenicity of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 DNA Vaccines in Mice and Nonhuman Primates.
D. H. Barouch, Z.-y. Yang, W.-p. Kong, B. Korioth-Schmitz, S. M. Sumida, D. M. Truitt, M. G. Kishko, J. C. Arthur, A. Miura, J. R. Mascola, et al. (2005)
J. Virol. 79, 8828-8834
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
DNA Vaccines: Progress and Challenges.
J. J. Donnelly, B. Wahren, and M. A. Liu (2005)
J. Immunol. 175, 633-639
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Effect of CD8+ Lymphocyte Depletion on Virus Containment after Simian Immunodeficiency Virus SIVmac251 Challenge of Live Attenuated SIVmac239{Delta}3-Vaccinated Rhesus Macaques.
J. E. Schmitz, R. P. Johnson, H. M. McClure, K. H. Manson, M. S. Wyand, M. J. Kuroda, M. A. Lifton, R. S. Khunkhun, K. J. McEvers, J. Gillis, et al. (2005)
J. Virol. 79, 8131-8141
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Enhanced Potency of Plasmid DNA Microparticle Human Immunodeficiency Virus Vaccines in Rhesus Macaques by Using a Priming-Boosting Regimen with Recombinant Proteins.
G. R. Otten, M. Schaefer, B. Doe, H. Liu, I. Srivastava, J. zur Megede, J. Kazzaz, Y. Lian, M. Singh, M. Ugozzoli, et al. (2005)
J. Virol. 79, 8189-8200
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
DNA Vaccines Expressing Different Forms of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Antigens Decrease Viremia upon SIVmac251 Challenge.
M. Rosati, A. von Gegerfelt, P. Roth, C. Alicea, A. Valentin, M. Robert-Guroff, D. Venzon, D. C. Montefiori, P. Markham, B. K. Felber, et al. (2005)
J. Virol. 79, 8480-8492
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Novel Protein and Poxvirus-Based Vaccine Combinations for Simultaneous Induction of Humoral and Cell-Mediated Immunity.
C. L. Hutchings, S. C. Gilbert, A. V. S. Hill, and A. C. Moore (2005)
J. Immunol. 175, 599-606
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Immunization of Macaques with Single-Cycle Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) Stimulates Diverse Virus-Specific Immune Responses and Reduces Viral Loads after Challenge with SIVmac239.
D. T. Evans, J. E. Bricker, H. B. Sanford, S. Lang, A. Carville, B. A. Richardson, M. Piatak Jr., J. D. Lifson, K. G. Mansfield, and R. C. Desrosiers (2005)
J. Virol. 79, 7707-7720
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Induction of T-Cell Immunity to Antiretroviral Drug-Resistant Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1.
I. Stratov, C. J. Dale, S. Chea, J. McCluskey, and S. J. Kent (2005)
J. Virol. 79, 7728-7737
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Resting naive CD4+ T cells are massively infected and eliminated by X4-tropic simian-human immunodeficiency viruses in macaques.
Y. Nishimura, C. R. Brown, J. J. Mattapallil, T. Igarashi, A. Buckler-White, B. A. P. Lafont, V. M. Hirsch, M. Roederer, and M. A. Martin (2005)
PNAS 102, 8000-8005
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Replication-Defective Adenovirus Serotype 5 Vectors Elicit Durable Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses in Nonhuman Primates.
S. Santra, M. S. Seaman, L. Xu, D. H. Barouch, C. I. Lord, M. A. Lifton, D. A. Gorgone, K. R. Beaudry, K. Svehla, B. Welcher, et al. (2005)
J. Virol. 79, 6516-6522
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Rapid Viral Escape at an Immunodominant Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Epitope Exacts a Dramatic Fitness Cost.
C. S. Fernandez, I. Stratov, R. De Rose, K. Walsh, C. J. Dale, M. Z. Smith, M. B. Agy, S.-l. Hu, K. Krebs, D. I. Watkins, et al. (2005)
J. Virol. 79, 5721-5731
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Novel simian immunodeficiency virus CTL epitopes restricted by MHC class I molecule Mamu-B*01 are highly conserved for long term in DNA/MVA-vaccinated, SHIV-challenged rhesus macaques.
J. Su, M. A. Luscher, Y. Xiong, T. Rustam, R. R. Amara, E. Rakasz, H. L. Robinson, and K. S. MacDonald (2005)
Int. Immunol. 17, 637-648
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Vaccine-Elicited Memory Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Contribute to Mamu-A*01-Associated Control of Simian/Human Immunodeficiency Virus 89.6P Replication in Rhesus Monkeys.
M. S. Seaman, S. Santra, M. H. Newberg, V. Philippon, K. Manson, L. Xu, R. S. Gelman, D. Panicali, J. R. Mascola, G. J. Nabel, et al. (2005)
J. Virol. 79, 4580-4588
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-Specific Gamma Interferon Secretion Directed against All Expressed HIV Genes: Relationship to Rate of CD4 Decline.
Y. Peretz, G. Alter, M.-P. Boisvert, G. Hatzakis, C. M. Tsoukas, and N. F. Bernard (2005)
J. Virol. 79, 4908-4917
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Signature for Long-Term Vaccine-Mediated Control of a Simian and Human Immunodeficiency Virus 89.6P Challenge: Stable Low-Breadth and Low-Frequency T-Cell Response Capable of Coproducing Gamma Interferon and Interleukin-2.
S. Sadagopal, R. R. Amara, D. C. Montefiori, L. S. Wyatt, S. I. Staprans, N. L. Kozyr, H. M. McClure, B. Moss, and H. L. Robinson (2005)
J. Virol. 79, 3243-3253
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Immunologic Pressure within Class I-Restricted Cognate Human Immunodeficiency Virus Epitopes during Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy.
J. P. Casazza, M. R. Betts, B. J. Hill, J. M. Brenchley, D. A. Price, D. C. Douek, and R. A. Koup (2005)
J. Virol. 79, 3653-3663
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Enhanced Cellular Immunity in Macaques following a Novel Peptide Immunotherapy.
S. Chea, C. J. Dale, R. De Rose, I. A. Ramshaw, and S. J. Kent (2005)
J. Virol. 79, 3748-3757
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Enhanced immunogenicity using an alphavirus replicon DNA vaccine against human immunodeficiency virus type 1.
E. K. L. Nordstrom, M. N. E. Forsell, C. Barnfield, E. Bonin, T. Hanke, M. Sundstrom, G. B. Karlsson, and P. Liljestrom (2005)
J. Gen. Virol. 86, 349-354
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Vaccination of Rhesus Macaques with Recombinant Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Env V3 Elicits Neutralizing Antibody-Mediated Protection against Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus with a Homologous but Not a Heterologous V3 Motif.
K. Someya, D. Cecilia, Y. Ami, T. Nakasone, K. Matsuo, S. Burda, H. Yamamoto, N. Yoshino, M. Kaizu, S. Ando, et al. (2005)
J. Virol. 79, 1452-1462
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
HIV-1 Vpr inhibits the maturation and activation of macrophages and dendritic cells in vitro.
K. Muthumani, D. S. Hwang, A. Y. Choo, S. Mayilvahanan, N. S. Dayes, K. P. Thieu, and D. B. Weiner (2005)
Int. Immunol. 17, 103-116
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Unparalleled complexity of the MHC class I region in rhesus macaques.
N. Otting, C. M. C. Heijmans, R. C. Noort, N. G. de Groot, G. G. M. Doxiadis, J. J. van Rood, D. I. Watkins, and R. E. Bontrop (2005)
PNAS 102, 1626-1631
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Analysis of Pigtail Macaque Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Molecules Presenting Immunodominant Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Epitopes.
M. Z. Smith, C. J. Dale, R. De Rose, I. Stratov, C. S. Fernandez, A. G. Brooks, J. Weinfurter, K. Krebs, C. Riek, D. I. Watkins, et al. (2005)
J. Virol. 79, 684-695
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Neutralizing Antibodies Elicited by Immunization of Monkeys with DNA Plasmids and Recombinant Adenoviral Vectors Expressing Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Proteins.
J. R. Mascola, A. Sambor, K. Beaudry, S. Santra, B. Welcher, M. K. Louder, T. C. VanCott, Y. Huang, B. K. Chakrabarti, W.-P. Kong, et al. (2005)
J. Virol. 79, 771-779
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Novel Adeno-Associated Virus Vector Vaccine Restricts Replication of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus in Macaques.
P. R. Johnson, B. C. Schnepp, M. J. Connell, D. Rohne, S. Robinson, G. R. Krivulka, C. I. Lord, R. Zinn, D. C. Montefiori, N. L. Letvin, et al. (2005)
J. Virol. 79, 955-965
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Immunogenicity Study of Glycoprotein-Deficient Rabies Virus Expressing Simian/Human Immunodeficiency Virus SHIV89.6P Envelope in a Rhesus Macaque.
P. M. McKenna, P. P. Aye, B. Dietzschold, D. C. Montefiori, L. N. Martin, P. A. Marx, R. J. Pomerantz, A. Lackner, and M. J. Schnell (2004)
J. Virol. 78, 13455-13459
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Efficacy of DNA and Fowlpox Virus Priming/Boosting Vaccines for Simian/Human Immunodeficiency Virus.
C. J. Dale, R. De Rose, I. Stratov, S. Chea, D. C. Montefiori, S. Thomson, I. A. Ramshaw, B. E. H. Coupar, D. B. Boyle, M. Law, et al. (2004)
J. Virol. 78, 13819-13828
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Gene Expression Profiling of Host Response in Models of Acute HIV Infection.
S. E. Bosinger, K. A. Hosiawa, M. J. Cameron, D. Persad, L. Ran, L. Xu, M. R. Boulassel, M. Parenteau, J. Fournier, E. W. Rud, et al. (2004)
J. Immunol. 173, 6858-6863
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Intranasal HIV-1-gp160-DNA/gp41 Peptide Prime-Boost Immunization Regimen in Mice Results in Long-Term HIV-1 Neutralizing Humoral Mucosal and Systemic Immunity.
C. Devito, B. Zuber, U. Schroder, R. Benthin, K. Okuda, K. Broliden, B. Wahren, and J. Hinkula (2004)
J. Immunol. 173, 7078-7089
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Predicting the Impact of a Nonsterilizing Vaccine against Human Immunodeficiency Virus.
M. P. Davenport, R. M. Ribeiro, D. L. Chao, and A. S. Perelson (2004)
J. Virol. 78, 11340-11351
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Repertoire and Immunofocusing of CD8 T Cell Responses Generated by HIV-1 gag-pol and Expression Library Immunization Vaccines.
R. A. K. Singh and M. A. Barry (2004)
J. Immunol. 173, 4387-4393
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Novel and Promiscuous CTL Epitopes in Conserved Regions of Gag Targeted by Individuals with Early Subtype C HIV Type 1 Infection from Southern Africa.
A. M. Masemola, T. N. Mashishi, G. Khoury, H. Bredell, M. Paximadis, T. Mathebula, D. Barkhan, A. Puren, E. Vardas, M. Colvin, et al. (2004)
J. Immunol. 173, 4607-4617
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Kinetics of Virus-Specific CD8+ T Cells and the Control of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection.
M. P. Davenport, R. M. Ribeiro, and A. S. Perelson (2004)
J. Virol. 78, 10096-10103
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Induction of Cellular Immune Responses to Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Gag by Two Recombinant Negative-Strand RNA Virus Vectors.
Y. Nakaya, T. Nakaya, M.-S. Park, J. Cros, J. Imanishi, P. Palese, and A. Garcia-Sastre (2004)
J. Virol. 78, 9366-9375
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Proliferation and Differentiation of CD8+ T Cells in the Absence of IL-2/15 Receptor {beta}-Chain Expression or STAT5 Activation.
R. M. Teague, R. M. Tempero, S. Thomas, K. Murali-Krishna, and B. H. Nelson (2004)
J. Immunol. 173, 3131-3139
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Essential role for virus-neutralizing antibodies in sterilizing immunity against Friend retrovirus infection.
R. J. Messer, U. Dittmer, K. E. Peterson, and K. J. Hasenkrug (2004)
PNAS 101, 12260-12265
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Highly pathogenic SHIVs and SIVs target different CD4+ T cell subsets in rhesus monkeys, explaining their divergent clinical courses.
Y. Nishimura, T. Igarashi, O. K. Donau, A. Buckler-White, C. Buckler, B. A. P. Lafont, R. M. Goeken, S. Goldstein, V. M. Hirsch, and M. A. Martin (2004)
PNAS 101, 12324-12329
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Recombinant poxvirus boosting of DNA-primed rhesus monkeys augments peak but not memory T lymphocyte responses.
S. Santra, D. H. Barouch, B. Korioth-Schmitz, C. I. Lord, G. R. Krivulka, F. Yu, M. H. Beddall, D. A. Gorgone, M. A. Lifton, A. Miura, et al. (2004)
PNAS 101, 11088-11093
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Heterologous Envelope Immunogens Contribute to AIDS Vaccine Protection in Rhesus Monkeys.
N. L. Letvin, Y. Huang, B. K. Chakrabarti, L. Xu, M. S. Seaman, K. Beaudry, B. Korioth-Schmitz, F. Yu, D. Rohne, K. L. Martin, et al. (2004)
J. Virol. 78, 7490-7497
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »


To Advertise     Find Products

Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)