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Science 9 June 2000:
Vol. 288. no. 5472, pp. 1765 - 1768
DOI: 10.1126/science.288.5472.1765
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Review

Neuronal Plasticity: Increasing the Gain in Pain

Clifford J. Woolf, 1* Michael W. Salter 2

We describe those sensations that are unpleasant, intense, or distressing as painful. Pain is not homogeneous, however, and comprises three categories: physiological, inflammatory, and neuropathic pain. Multiple mechanisms contribute, each of which is subject to or an expression of neural plasticity--the capacity of neurons to change their function, chemical profile, or structure. Here, we develop a conceptual framework for the contribution of plasticity in primary sensory and dorsal horn neurons to the pathogenesis of pain, identifying distinct forms of plasticity, which we term activation, modulation, and modification, that by increasing gain, elicit pain hypersensitivity.

1 Neural Plasticity Research Group, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, MGH-East, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
2 Program in Brain and Behaviour, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto Centre for the Study of Pain, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada.
*   To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: woolf.clifford{at}mgh.harvard.edu

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P2X Receptors: Targets for Novel Analgesics?.
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