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Science 14 April 2000:
Vol. 288. no. 5464, pp. 333 - 335
DOI: 10.1126/science.288.5464.333
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Reports

Convergence of the Secretory Pathways for Cholera Toxin and the Filamentous Phage, CTX&phgr;

Brigid M. Davis, 1 Elise H. Lawson, 1 Maria Sandkvist, 2 Afsar Ali, 3 Shanmuga Sozhamannan, 3 Matthew K. Waldor 1*

Virulence of Vibrio cholerae depends on secretion of cholera toxin (CT), which is encoded within the genome of a filamentous phage, CTXphi . Release of CT is mediated by the extracellular protein secretion (eps) type II secretion system. Here, the outer membrane component of this system, EpsD, was shown to be required for secretion of the phage as well. Thus, EpsD plays a role both in pathogenicity and in horizontal transfer of a key virulence gene. Genomic analysis suggests that additional filamentous phages also exploit chromosome-encoded outer membrane channels.

1 Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
2 Department of Biochemistry, American Red Cross, Holland Laboratory, Rockville, MD 20855, USA.
3 Division of Hospital Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
*   To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: mwaldor{at}lifespan.org

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THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES:
Compromised Outer Membrane Integrity in Vibrio cholerae Type II Secretion Mutants.
A. E. Sikora, S. R. Lybarger, and M. Sandkvist (2007)
J. Bacteriol. 189, 8484-8495
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Genomic Characterization of the Filamentous Integrative Bacteriophages {phi}RSS1 and {phi}RSM1, Which Infect Ralstonia solanacearum.
T. Kawasaki, S. Nagata, A. Fujiwara, H. Satsuma, M. Fujie, S. Usami, and T. Yamada (2007)
J. Bacteriol. 189, 5792-5802
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Identification and Characterization of RbmA, a Novel Protein Required for the Development of Rugose Colony Morphology and Biofilm Structure in Vibrio cholerae.
J. C. N. Fong, K. Karplus, G. K. Schoolnik, and F. H. Yildiz (2006)
J. Bacteriol. 188, 1049-1059
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A chromosomally integrated bacteriophage in invasive meningococci.
E. Bille, J.-R. Zahar, A. Perrin, S. Morelle, P. Kriz, K. A. Jolley, M. C.J. Maiden, C. Dervin, X. Nassif, and C. R. Tinsley (2005)
J. Exp. Med. 201, 1905-1913
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Vibrio cholerae Strains with Mutations in an Atypical Type I Secretion System Accumulate RTX Toxin Intracellularly.
B. K. Boardman and K. J. Fullner Satchell (2004)
J. Bacteriol. 186, 8137-8143
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Phages and the Evolution of Bacterial Pathogens: from Genomic Rearrangements to Lysogenic Conversion.
H. Brussow, C. Canchaya, and W.-D. Hardt (2004)
Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 68, 560-602
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Both chemotaxis and net motility greatly influence the infectivity of Vibrio cholerae.
S. M. Butler and A. Camilli (2004)
PNAS 101, 5018-5023
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The CTX{phi} Repressor RstR Binds DNA Cooperatively to Form Tetrameric Repressor-Operator Complexes.
H. H. Kimsey and M. K. Waldor (2004)
J. Biol. Chem. 279, 2640-2647
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
VGJ{phi}, a Novel Filamentous Phage of Vibrio cholerae, Integrates into the Same Chromosomal Site as CTX{phi}.
J. Campos, E. Martinez, E. Suzarte, B. L. Rodriguez, K. Marrero, Y. Silva, T. Ledon, R. del Sol, and R. Fando (2003)
J. Bacteriol. 185, 5685-5696
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Bacteriophage Control of Bacterial Virulence.
P. L. Wagner and M. K. Waldor (2002)
Infect. Immun. 70, 3985-3993
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The Extracellular Transport Signal of the Vibrio cholerae Endochitinase (ChiA) Is a Structural Motif Located between Amino Acids 75 and 555.
J. P. Folster and T. D. Connell (2002)
J. Bacteriol. 184, 2225-2234
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Protein secretion and the pathogenesis of bacterial infections.
V. T. Lee and O. Schneewind (2001)
Genes & Dev. 15, 1725-1752
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Assembling filamentous phage occlude pIV channels.
D. K. Marciano, M. Russel, and S. M. Simon (2001)
PNAS
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Type II Secretion and Pathogenesis.
M. Sandkvist (2001)
Infect. Immun. 69, 3523-3535
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Assembling filamentous phage occlude pIV channels.
D. K. Marciano, M. Russel, and S. M. Simon (2001)
PNAS 98, 9359-9364
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »


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