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Science 25 February 2000:
Vol. 287. no. 5457, pp. 1433 - 1438
DOI: 10.1126/science.287.5457.1433
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Review

Mammalian Neural Stem Cells

Fred H. Gage

Neural stem cells exist not only in the developing mammalian nervous system but also in the adult nervous system of all mammalian organisms, including humans. Neural stem cells can also be derived from more primitive embryonic stem cells. The location of the adult stem cells and the brain regions to which their progeny migrate in order to differentiate remain unresolved, although the number of viable locations is limited in the adult. The mechanisms that regulate endogenous stem cells are poorly understood. Potential uses of stem cells in repair include transplantation to repair missing cells and the activation of endogenous cells to provide "self-repair." Before the full potential of neural stem cells can be realized, we need to learn what controls their proliferation, as well as the various pathways of differentiation available to their daughter cells.

The Salk Institute, Laboratory of Genetics, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. E-mail: gage{at}salk.edu

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PBK/TOPK, a Proliferating Neural Progenitor-Specific Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase.
J. D. Dougherty, A. D. R. Garcia, I. Nakano, M. Livingstone, B. Norris, R. Polakiewicz, E. M. Wexler, M. V. Sofroniew, H. I. Kornblum, and D. H. Geschwind (2005)
J. Neurosci. 25, 10773-10785
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Calling on Reserves: Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Growth Factor in Cardiac Repair.
E. D. de Muinck and M. Simons (2005)
Circulation 112, 3033-3035
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Neuronal Differentiation in the Adult Hippocampus Recapitulates Embryonic Development.
M. S. Esposito, V. C. Piatti, D. A. Laplagne, N. A. Morgenstern, C. C. Ferrari, F. J. Pitossi, and A. F. Schinder (2005)
J. Neurosci. 25, 10074-10086
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Neurogenesis in the Hypothalamus of Adult Mice: Potential Role in Energy Balance.
M. V. Kokoeva, H. Yin, and J. S. Flier (2005)
Science 310, 679-683
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Cerebellum- and forebrain-derived stem cells possess intrinsic regional character.
C. Klein, S. J. B. Butt, R. P. Machold, J. E. Johnson, and G. Fishell (2005)
Development 132, 4497-4508
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