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Science 11 February 2000:
Vol. 287. no. 5455, pp. 989 - 994
DOI: 10.1126/science.287.5455.989
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Review

Conservation and Novelty in the Evolution of Cell Adhesion and Extracellular Matrix Genes

Harald Hutter, 1* Bruce E. Vogel, 2 John D. Plenefisch, 3 Carolyn R. Norris, 2 Rui B. Proenca, 2 John Spieth, 4 Chaobo Guo, 2 Surjeet Mastwal, 2 Xiaoping Zhu, 2 † Jochen Scheel, 5 Edward M. Hedgecock 2

New proteins and modules have been invented throughout evolution. Gene "birth dates" in Caenorhabditis elegans range from the origins of cellular life through adaptation to a soil habitat. Possibly half are "metazoan" genes, having arisen sometime between the yeast-metazoan and nematode-chordate separations. These include basement membrane and cell adhesion molecules implicated in tissue organization. By contrast, epithelial surfaces facing the environment have specialized components invented within the nematode lineage. Moreover, interstitial matrices were likely elaborated within the vertebrate lineage. A strategy for concerted evolution of new gene families, as well as conservation of adaptive genes, may underlie the differences between heterochromatin and euchromatin.

1 Max-Planck-Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
2 Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
3 Department of Biology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA.
4 The Washington University Genome Sequencing Center, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA.
5 Max-Planck-Institute for Developmental Biology, Spemannstrasse 35, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
*   To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: hutter{at}mpimf-heidelberg.mpg.de

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