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Science 10 December 1999:
Vol. 286. no. 5447, pp. 2098 - 2102
DOI: 10.1126/science.286.5447.2098
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Review

Chemokines and Cell Migration in Secondary Lymphoid Organs

Jason G. Cyster

As few as one in 100,000 B and T lymphocytes are specific for a single protein antigen, such as tetanus toxin, yet these cells must come together if an antibody response is to occur. Bringing antigen-presenting cells and rare antigen-specific B and T lymphocytes into physical contact is a principal function of secondary lymphoid organs. In the last few years, details have begun to emerge on the cues that guide cell movements inside lymphoid organs, and a central role for the chemokine family of molecules has been uncovered. Here, current understanding of the roles played by chemokines in the functional biology of secondary lymphoid organs will be reviewed.

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. E-mail: cyster{at}itsa.ucsf.edu

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Chemokine Receptor Expression Identifies Pre-T Helper (Th)1, Pre-Th2, and Nonpolarized Cells among Human CD4+ Central Memory T Cells.
L. Rivino, M. Messi, D. Jarrossay, A. Lanzavecchia, F. Sallusto, and J. Geginat (2004)
J. Exp. Med. 200, 725-735
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Lymph Node Fibroblastic Reticular Cells Construct the Stromal Reticulum via Contact with Lymphocytes.
T. Katakai, T. Hara, M. Sugai, H. Gonda, and A. Shimizu (2004)
J. Exp. Med. 200, 783-795
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Distinct and overlapping roles of CXCR5 and CCR7 in B-1 cell homing and early immunity against bacterial pathogens.
U. E. Hopken, A. H. Achtman, K. Kruger, and M. Lipp (2004)
J. Leukoc. Biol. 76, 709-718
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Constitutive Expression of CCR7 Directs Effector CD8 T Cells into the Splenic White Pulp and Impairs Functional Activity.
H. Unsoeld, D. Voehringer, S. Krautwald, and H. Pircher (2004)
J. Immunol. 173, 3013-3019
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Chemokine receptors that mediate B cell homing to secondary lymphoid tissues are highly expressed in B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia and non-Hodgkin lymphomas with widespread nodular dissemination.
S. Lopez-Giral, N. E. Quintana, M. Cabrerizo, M. Alfonso-Perez, M. Sala-Valdes, V. G. G. de Soria, J. M. Fernandez-Ranada, E. Fernandez-Ruiz, and C. Munoz (2004)
J. Leukoc. Biol. 76, 462-471
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A novel reticular stromal structure in lymph node cortex: an immuno-platform for interactions among dendritic cells, T cells and B cells.
T. Katakai, T. Hara, J.-H. Lee, H. Gonda, M. Sugai, and A. Shimizu (2004)
Int. Immunol. 16, 1133-1142
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Homeostatic chemokines drive migration of malignant B cells in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphomas.
L. Trentin, A. Cabrelle, M. Facco, D. Carollo, M. Miorin, A. Tosoni, P. Pizzo, G. Binotto, L. Nicolardi, R. Zambello, et al. (2004)
Blood 104, 502-508
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
T Follicular Helper Cells Express a Distinctive Transcriptional Profile, Reflecting Their Role as Non-Th1/Th2 Effector Cells That Provide Help for B Cells.
T. Chtanova, S. G. Tangye, R. Newton, N. Frank, M. R. Hodge, M. S. Rolph, and C. R. Mackay (2004)
J. Immunol. 173, 68-78
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High Beta-Chemokine Expression Levels in Lymphoid Tissues of Simian/Human Immunodeficiency Virus 89.6-Vaccinated Rhesus Macaques Are Associated with Uncontrolled Replication of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Challenge Inoculum.
L. LaFranco-Scheuch, K. Abel, N. Makori, K. Rothaeusler, and C. J. Miller (2004)
J. Virol. 78, 6399-6408
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Dendritic Cell Populations in Leishmania major-Infected Skin and Draining Lymph Nodes.
T. Baldwin, S. Henri, J. Curtis, M. O'Keeffe, D. Vremec, K. Shortman, and E. Handman (2004)
Infect. Immun. 72, 1991-2001
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Lymphoid Tissue and Emphysema in the Lungs of Transgenic Mice Inducibly Expressing Tumor Necrosis Factor-{alpha}.
B. R. Vuillemenot, J. F. Rodriguez, and G. W. Hoyle (2004)
Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 30, 438-448
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Aggregations of Lymphoid Cells in the Airways of Nonsmokers, Smokers, and Subjects with Asthma.
J. G. Elliot, C. M. Jensen, S. Mutavdzic, J. P. Lamb, N. G. Carroll, and A. L. James (2004)
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 169, 712-718
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Migration of V{delta}1 and V{delta}2 T cells in response to CXCR3 and CXCR4 ligands in healthy donors and HIV-1-infected patients: competition by HIV-1 Tat.
A. Poggi, R. Carosio, D. Fenoglio, S. Brenci, G. Murdaca, M. Setti, F. Indiveri, S. Scabini, E. Ferrero, and M. R. Zocchi (2004)
Blood 103, 2205-2213
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Human Thymus Exports Naive CD8 T Cells That Can Home to Nonlymphoid Tissues.
A. Zippelius, G. Bioley, F.-A. Le Gal, N. Rufer, M. Brandes, P. Batard, M. De Smedt, J. Plum, D. E. Speiser, J.-C. Cerottini, et al. (2004)
J. Immunol. 172, 2773-2777
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Activation of Virus-specific Memory B Cells in the Absence of T Cell Help.
B. J. Hebeis, K. Klenovsek, P. Rohwer, U. Ritter, A. Schneider, M. Mach, and T. H. Winkler (2004)
J. Exp. Med. 199, 593-602
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Cyclosporin A impairs dendritic cell migration by regulating chemokine receptor expression and inhibiting cyclooxygenase-2 expression.
T. Chen, J. Guo, M. Yang, C. Han, M. Zhang, W. Chen, Q. Liu, J. Wang, and X. Cao (2004)
Blood 103, 413-421
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Activation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-{gamma} in Dendritic Cells Inhibits the Development of Eosinophilic Airway Inflammation in a Mouse Model of Asthma.
H. Hammad, H. J. de Heer, T. Soullie, V. Angeli, F. Trottein, H. C. Hoogsteden, and B. N. Lambrecht (2004)
Am. J. Pathol. 164, 263-271
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Codelivery of CCR7 Ligands as Molecular Adjuvants Enhances the Protective Immune Response against Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1.
F. N. Toka, M. Gierynska, and B. T. Rouse (2003)
J. Virol. 77, 12742-12752
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Why do leucocytes accumulate within chronically inflamed joints?.
C. D. Buckley (2003)
Rheumatology 42, 1433-1444
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Prostaglandin D2 Inhibits Airway Dendritic Cell Migration and Function in Steady State Conditions by Selective Activation of the D Prostanoid Receptor 1.
H. Hammad, H. Jan de Heer, T. Soullie, H. C. Hoogsteden, F. Trottein, and B. N. Lambrecht (2003)
J. Immunol. 171, 3936-3940
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
CC chemokine ligand 20 partially controls adhesion of naive B cells to activated endothelial cells under shear stress.
A. Meissner, O. Zilles, R. Varona, K. Jozefowski, U. Ritter, G. Marquez, R. Hallmann, and H. Korner (2003)
Blood 102, 2724-2727
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Expression and function of chemokines during viral infections: from molecular mechanisms to in vivo function.
J. Melchjorsen, L. N. Sorensen, and S. R. Paludan (2003)
J. Leukoc. Biol. 74, 331-343
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »


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