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Science 12 November 1999:
Vol. 286. no. 5443, pp. 1340 - 1342
DOI: 10.1126/science.286.5443.1340
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Reports

Detection of Nonthermal Melting by Ultrafast X-ray Diffraction

C. W. Siders, 1* A. Cavalleri, 1 K. Sokolowski-Tinten, 4 Cs. Tóth, 2 T. Guo, 1dagger M. Kammler, 5 M. Horn von Hoegen, 6ddagger K. R. Wilson, 1 D. von der Linde, 4 C. P. J. Barty 3

Using ultrafast, time-resolved, 1.54 angstrom x-ray diffraction, thermal and ultrafast nonthermal melting of germanium, involving passage through nonequilibrium extreme states of matter, was observed. Such ultrafast, optical-pump, x-ray diffraction probe measurements provide a way to study many other transient processes in physics, chemistry, and biology, including direct observation of the atomic motion by which many solid-state processes and chemical and biochemical reactions take place.

1 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,
2 Institute for Nonlinear Science,
3 Department of Applied Mechanical/Engineering Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0339, USA.
4 Institut für Laser- und Plasmaphysik, Universität Essen, D-45117 Essen, Germany.
5 Institut für Halbleitertechnologie,
6 Institut für Festkörperphysik, Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany.
*   To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: csiders{at}ucsd.edu.

dagger    Present address: Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.

ddagger    Present address: Institut für Laser- und Plasmaphysik, Universität Essen, D-45117 Essen, Germany.

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