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Science 29 October 1999:
Vol. 286. no. 5441, pp. 947 - 950
DOI: 10.1126/science.286.5441.947
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Reports

The Root of Angiosperm Phylogeny Inferred from Duplicate Phytochrome Genes

Sarah Mathews, * Michael J. Donoghue

An analysis of duplicate phytochrome genes (PHYA and PHYC) is used to root the angiosperms, thereby avoiding the inclusion of highly diverged outgroup sequences. The results unambiguously place the root near Amborella (one species, New Caledonia) and resolve water lilies (Nymphaeales, ~70 species, cosmopolitan), followed by Austrobaileya (one species, Australia), as early branches. These findings bear directly on the interpretation of morphological evolution and diversification within angiosperms.

Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University Herbaria, 22 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
*   To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: smathews{at}oeb.harvard.edu

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