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Science 24 September 1999:
Vol. 285. no. 5436, pp. 2126 - 2129
DOI: 10.1126/science.285.5436.2126
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Reports

Drosophila S6 Kinase: A Regulator of Cell Size

Jacques Montagne, 1* Mary J. Stewart, 1*dagger Hugo Stocker, 2 Ernst Hafen, 2 Sara C. Kozma, 1 George Thomas 1ddagger

Cell proliferation requires cell growth; that is, cells only divide after they reach a critical size. However, the mechanisms by which cells grow and maintain their appropriate size have remained elusive. Drosophila deficient in the S6 kinase gene (dS6K) exhibited an extreme delay in development and a severe reduction in body size. These flies had smaller cells rather than fewer cells. The effect was cell-autonomous, displayed throughout larval development, and distinct from that of ribosomal protein mutants (Minutes). Thus, the dS6K gene product regulates cell size in a cell-autonomous manner without impinging on cell number.

1 Friedrich Miescher Institute, Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.
2 Zoology Institute, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
*   These authors contributed equally to this work.

dagger    Present address: Department of Zoology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA.

ddagger    To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: gthomas{at}fmi.ch

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PDK1 regulates growth through Akt and S6K in Drosophila.
F. Rintelen, H. Stocker, G. Thomas, and E. Hafen (2001)
PNAS 98, 15020-15025
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
FRAP/mTOR is required for proliferation and patterning during embryonic development in the mouse.
K. E. Hentges, B. Sirry, A.-C. Gingeras, D. Sarbassov, N. Sonenberg, D. Sabatini, and A. S. Peterson (2001)
PNAS
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Regulation of Translation via TOR Signaling: Insights from Drosophila melanogaster.
M. Miron and N. Sonenberg (2001)
J. Nutr. 131, 2988S-2993
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Akt1/PKBalpha Is Required for Normal Growth but Dispensable for Maintenance of Glucose Homeostasis in Mice.
H. Cho, J. L. Thorvaldsen, Q. Chu, F. Feng, and M. J. Birnbaum (2001)
J. Biol. Chem. 276, 38349-38352
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Enhanced sensitivity of PTEN-deficient tumors to inhibition of FRAP/mTOR.
M. S. Neshat, I. K. Mellinghoff, C. Tran, B. Stiles, G. Thomas, R. Petersen, P. Frost, J. J. Gibbons, H. Wu, and C. L. Sawyers (2001)
PNAS
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
An inhibitor of mTOR reduces neoplasia and normalizes p70/S6 kinase activity in Pten+/- mice.
K. Podsypanina, R. T. Lee, C. Politis, I. Hennessy, A. Crane, J. Puc, M. Neshat, H. Wang, L. Yang, J. Gibbons, et al. (2001)
PNAS
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Brn3a is a transcriptional regulator of soma size, target field innervation and axon pathfinding of inner ear sensory neurons.
E. J. Huang, W. Liu, B. Fritzsch, L. M. Bianchi, L. F. Reichardt, and M. Xiang (2001)
Development 128, 2421-2432
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Natural Biology of Polyomavirus Middle T Antigen.
K. A. Gottlieb and L. P. Villarreal (2001)
Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 65, 288-318
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
IGF-I receptor signalling in transformation and differentiation.
B Valentinis and R Baserga (2001)
Mol. Pathol. 54, 133-137
   Abstract »    Full Text »
TSC1 and TSC2 tumor suppressors antagonize insulin signaling in cell growth.
X. Gao and D. Pan (2001)
Genes & Dev. 15, 1383-1392
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Drosophila phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 regulates apoptosis and growth via the phosphoinositide 3-kinase-dependent signaling pathway.
K. S. Cho, J. H. Lee, S. Kim, D. Kim, H. Koh, J. Lee, C. Kim, J. Kim, and J. Chung (2001)
PNAS
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Intracellular signaling specificity in skeletal muscle in response to different modes of exercise.
G. A. Nader and K. A. Esser (2001)
J Appl Physiol 90, 1936-1942
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Regulation of translation initiation by FRAP/mTOR.
A.-C. Gingras, B. Raught, and N. Sonenberg (2001)
Genes & Dev. 15, 807-826
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The transcriptional program of a human B cell line in response to Myc.
M. Schuhmacher, F. Kohlhuber, M. Holzel, C. Kaiser, H. Burtscher, M. Jarsch, G. W. Bornkamm, G. Laux, A. Polack, U. H. Weidle, et al. (2001)
Nucleic Acids Res. 29, 397-406
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Serotonin Activates S6 Kinase in a Rapamycin-Sensitive Manner in Aplysia Synaptosomes.
A. Khan, A. M. Pepio, and W. S. Sossin (2001)
J. Neurosci. 21, 382-391
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »


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