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Science 6 August 1999:
Vol. 285. no. 5429, pp. 901 - 906
DOI: 10.1126/science.285.5429.901
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Reports

Functional Characterization of the S. cerevisiae Genome by Gene Deletion and Parallel Analysis

Elizabeth A. Winzeler, 1* Daniel D. Shoemaker, 2* Anna Astromoff, 1* Hong Liang, 1* Keith Anderson, 1 Bruno Andre, 3 Rhonda Bangham, 4 Rocio Benito, 5 Jef D. Boeke, 6 Howard Bussey, 7 Angela M. Chu, 1 Carla Connelly, 6 Karen Davis, 1 Fred Dietrich, 8 Sally Whelen Dow, 2 Mohamed El Bakkoury, 9 Françoise Foury, 10 Stephen H. Friend, 2 Erik Gentalen, 11 Guri Giaever, 1 Johannes H. Hegemann, 12 Ted Jones, 1 Michael Laub, 1 Hong Liao, 4 Nicole Liebundguth, 8 David J. Lockhart, 11 Anca Lucau-Danila, 10 Marc Lussier, 7 Nasiha M'Rabet, 3 Patrice Menard, 7 Michael Mittmann, 11 Chai Pai, 1 Corinne Rebischung, 8 Jose L. Revuelta, 5 Linda Riles, 13 Christopher J. Roberts, 2 Petra Ross-MacDonald, 4 Bart Scherens, 9 Michael Snyder, 4 Sharon Sookhai-Mahadeo, 6 Reginald K. Storms, 7 Steeve Véronneau, 7 Marleen Voet, 14 Guido Volckaert, 14 Teresa R. Ward, 2 Robert Wysocki, 10 Grace S. Yen, 1 Kexin Yu, 6 Katja Zimmermann, 12 Peter Philippsen, 8 Mark Johnston, 13 Ronald W. Davis 1dagger

The functions of many open reading frames (ORFs) identified in genome-sequencing projects are unknown. New, whole-genome approaches are required to systematically determine their function. A total of 6925 Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains were constructed, by a high-throughput strategy, each with a precise deletion of one of 2026 ORFs (more than one-third of the ORFs in the genome). Of the deleted ORFs, 17 percent were essential for viability in rich medium. The phenotypes of more than 500 deletion strains were assayed in parallel. Of the deletion strains, 40 percent showed quantitative growth defects in either rich or minimal medium.

1 Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5307, USA.
2 Rosetta Inpharmatics Inc., 12040 115th Street NE, Kirkland, WA 98034, USA.
3 Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et de Genetique des Levures, Campus Plaine, Brussels CP244, Belgium.
4 Department of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8103, USA.
5 Dipartimento de Microbiologia y Genetica, Universidad de Salamanca, Edificio Depatamental 323/CSIC, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain.
6 Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 617 Hunterian Building, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205-2185, USA.
7 Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, PQ, Canada H3A 1B1.
8 Biozentrum, Department of Molecular Microbiology, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Switzerland.
9 IRMW-ULB, Avenue E. Gryson, 1, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium.
10 FYSA-UCL, Place Croix du Sud, 2/20, 1348-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
11 Affymetrix, 3380 Central Expressway, Santa Clara, CA 95051, USA.
12 Institut für Mikrobiologie, Geb. 26.12.01 Raum 64, Universitaetsstrasse 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
13 Department of Genetics, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
14 Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Laboratory of Gene Technology, Kardinaal Mercierlaan 92, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
*   These authors contributed equally to this work.

dagger    To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: dbowe{at}cmgm.stanford.edu

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