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Science 21 May 1999:
Vol. 284. no. 5418, pp. 1318 - 1322
DOI: 10.1126/science.284.5418.1318
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Review

Bacterial Biofilms: A Common Cause of Persistent Infections

J. W. Costerton, 1 Philip S. Stewart, 1 E. P. Greenberg 2*

Bacteria that attach to surfaces aggregate in a hydrated polymeric matrix of their own synthesis to form biofilms. Formation of these sessile communities and their inherent resistance to antimicrobial agents are at the root of many persistent and chronic bacterial infections. Studies of biofilms have revealed differentiated, structured groups of cells with community properties. Recent advances in our understanding of the genetic and molecular basis of bacterial community behavior point to therapeutic targets that may provide a means for the control of biofilm infections.

1 Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA.
2 Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
*   To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: everett-greenberg{at}uiowa.edu

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Analysis of the Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae ArcA Regulon Identifies Fumarate Reductase as a Determinant of Virulence.
F. F. R. Buettner, I. M. Bendallah, J. T. Bosse, K. Dreckmann, J. H. E. Nash, P. R. Langford, and G.-F. Gerlach (2008)
Infect. Immun. 76, 2284-2295
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
RNAIII-Inhibiting Peptide Enhances Healing of Wounds Infected with Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
O. Simonetti, O. Cirioni, R. Ghiselli, G. Goteri, A. Scalise, F. Orlando, C. Silvestri, A. Riva, V. Saba, K. D. Madanahally, et al. (2008)
Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 52, 2205-2211
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Identification of Streptococcus sanguinis Genes Required for Biofilm Formation and Examination of Their Role in Endocarditis Virulence.
X. Ge, T. Kitten, Z. Chen, S. P. Lee, C. L. Munro, and P. Xu (2008)
Infect. Immun. 76, 2551-2559
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Opr86 Is Essential for Viability and Is a Potential Candidate for a Protective Antigen against Biofilm Formation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Y. Tashiro, N. Nomura, R. Nakao, H. Senpuku, R. Kariyama, H. Kumon, S. Kosono, H. Watanabe, T. Nakajima, and H. Uchiyama (2008)
J. Bacteriol. 190, 3969-3978
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Development and Use of an Efficient System for Random mariner Transposon Mutagenesis To Identify Novel Genetic Determinants of Biofilm Formation in the Core Enterococcus faecalis Genome.
C. J. Kristich, V. T. Nguyen, T. Le, A. M. T. Barnes, S. Grindle, and G. M. Dunny (2008)
Appl. Envir. Microbiol. 74, 3377-3386
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Blocking of Bacterial Biofilm Formation by a Fish Protein Coating.
R. M. Vejborg and P. Klemm (2008)
Appl. Envir. Microbiol. 74, 3551-3558
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Increased mutability of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in biofilms.
K. Driffield, K. Miller, J. M. Bostock, A. J. O'Neill, and I. Chopra (2008)
J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 61, 1053-1056
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Intensive Care Management of the Patient With Cystic Fibrosis.
T. M. Kremer, R. G. Zwerdling, P. H. Michelson, and B. P. O'Sullivan (2008)
J Intensive Care Med 23, 159-177
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Discovery of a Quorum-Sensing Inhibitor of Drug-Resistant Staphylococcal Infections by Structure-Based Virtual Screening.
M. D. Kiran, N. V. Adikesavan, O. Cirioni, A. Giacometti, C. Silvestri, G. Scalise, R. Ghiselli, V. Saba, F. Orlando, M. Shoham, et al. (2008)
Mol. Pharmacol. 73, 1578-1586
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
In Vivo Growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains PAO1 and PA14 and the Hypervirulent Strain LESB58 in a Rat Model of Chronic Lung Infection.
I. Kukavica-Ibrulj, A. Bragonzi, M. Paroni, C. Winstanley, F. Sanschagrin, G. A. O'Toole, and R. C. Levesque (2008)
J. Bacteriol. 190, 2804-2813
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Antimicrobial surface functionalization of plastic catheters by silver nanoparticles.
D. Roe, B. Karandikar, N. Bonn-Savage, B. Gibbins, and J.-B. Roullet (2008)
J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 61, 869-876
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »


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