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Science 7 May 1999:
Vol. 284. no. 5416, pp. 943 - 945
DOI: 10.1126/science.284.5416.943
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Reports

Direct Experiments on the Ocean Disposal of Fossil Fuel CO2

Peter G. Brewer, 1* Gernot Friederich, 1 Edward T. Peltzer, 1 Franklin M. Orr Jr. 2

Field experiments were conducted to test ideas for fossil fuel carbon dioxide ocean disposal as a solid hydrate at depths ranging from 349 to 3627 meters and from 8° to 1.6°C. Hydrate formed instantly from the gas phase at 349 meters but then decomposed rapidly in ambient seawater. At 3627 meters, the seawater-carbon dioxide interface rose rapidly because of massive hydrate formation, forcing spillover of the liquid carbon dioxide from the container. A strong barrier between the liquid carbon dioxide and interaction with the sediments was observed. A pool of liquid carbon dioxide on the sea floor would expand in volume more than four times, forming hydrate, which will dissolve.

1 Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Post Office Box 628, Moss Landing, CA 95039, USA.
2 School of Earth Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
*   To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: brpe{at}mbari.org

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