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Science 30 April 1999:
Vol. 284. no. 5415, pp. 760 - 765
DOI: 10.1126/science.284.5415.760
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Review

Cryptochromes: Blue Light Receptors for Plants and Animals

Anthony R. Cashmore, * Jose A. Jarillo, Ying-Jie Wu, Dongmei Liu

Cryptochromes are blue, ultraviolet-A photoreceptors. They were first characterized for Arabidopsis and are also found in ferns and algae; they appear to be ubiquitous in the plant kingdom. They are flavoproteins similar in sequence to photolyases, their presumptive evolutionary ancestors. Cryptochromes mediate a variety of light responses, including entrainment of circadian rhythms in Arabidopsis, Drosophila, and mammals. Sequence comparison indicates that the plant and animal cryptochrome families have distinct evolutionary histories, with the plant cryptochromes being of ancient evolutionary origin and the animal cryptochromes having evolved relatively recently. This process of repeated evolution may have coincided with the origin in animals of a modified circadian clock based on the PERIOD, TIMELESS, CLOCK, and CYCLE proteins.

Plant Science Institute, Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6018, USA.
*   To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: cashmore{at}upenn.sas.edu

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E. L. Meyer-Bernstein and A. Sehgal (2001)
Neuroscientist 7, 496-505
   Abstract »    PDF »
Resetting of the Circadian Clock by Phytochromes and Cryptochromes in Arabidopsis.
M. J. Yanovsky, M. A. Mazzella, G. C. Whitelam, and J. J. Casal (2001)
J Biol Rhythms 16, 523-530
   Abstract »    PDF »
The Signaling Mechanism of Arabidopsis CRY1 Involves Direct Interaction with COP1.
H.-Q. Yang, R.-H. Tang, and A. R. Cashmore (2001)
PLANT CELL 13, 2573-2587
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Cryptochrome 1, Cryptochrome 2, and Phytochrome A Co-Activate the Chloroplast psbD Blue Light-Responsive Promoter.
K. E. Thum, M. Kim, D. A. Christopher, and J. E. Mullet (2001)
PLANT CELL 13, 2747-2760
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »


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Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)