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Science 16 April 1999:
Vol. 284. no. 5413, pp. 489 - 493
DOI: 10.1126/science.284.5413.489
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Reports

Functional Arteries Grown in Vitro

L. E. Niklason, 1* J. Gao, 2 W. M. Abbott, 3 K. K. Hirschi, 5 S. Houser, 4 R. Marini, 6 R. Langer 7

A tissue engineering approach was developed to produce arbitrary lengths of vascular graft material from smooth muscle and endothelial cells that were derived from a biopsy of vascular tissue. Bovine vessels cultured under pulsatile conditions had rupture strengths greater than 2000 millimeters of mercury, suture retention strengths of up to 90 grams, and collagen contents of up to 50 percent. Cultured vessels also showed contractile responses to pharmacological agents and contained smooth muscle cells that displayed markers of differentiation such as calponin and myosin heavy chains. Tissue-engineered arteries were implanted in miniature swine, with patency documented up to 24 days by digital angiography.

1 Departments of Anesthesia and Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
2 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
3 Department of Surgery,
4 Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
5 Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
6 Department of Comparative Medicine,
7 Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
*   To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: nikla001{at}mc.duke.edu

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Tissue engineering and the trauma surgeon.
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Trauma 4, 177-183
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Vascular Medicine 7, 135-140
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Endothelial cells derived from human embryonic stem cells.
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PNAS 99, 4391-4396
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Mechanical Strength of the Isolated Carotid Artery in SHR.
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Tissue engineering of small caliber vascular grafts.
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Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. 20, 164-169
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Prospects for Organ and Tissue Replacement.
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Prospects for Cardiovascular Research.
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JAMA 285, 581-587
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A human tissue-engineered vascular media: a new model for pharmacological studies of contractile responses.
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J Biomater Appl 15, 241-278
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Circ. Res. 85, 1173-1178
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Arteries and Bladders Grown and Implanted Successfully in Animals.
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Endothelial cells derived from human embryonic stem cells.
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