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Science 19 March 1999:
Vol. 283. no. 5409, pp. 1905 - 1908
DOI: 10.1126/science.283.5409.1905
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Reports

An Adiabatic Quantum Electron Pump

M. Switkes, 1 C. M. Marcus, 1* K. Campman, 2 A. C. Gossard 2

A quantum pumping mechanism that produces dc current or voltage in response to a cyclic deformation of the confining potential in an open quantum dot is reported. The voltage produced at zero current bias is sinusoidal in the phase difference between the two ac voltages deforming the potential and shows random fluctuations in amplitude and direction with small changes in external parameters such as magnetic field. The amplitude of the pumping response increases linearly with the frequency of the deformation. Dependencies of pumping on the strength of the deformations, temperature, and breaking of time-reversal symmetry were also investigated.

1 Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
2 Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
*   To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: cmarcus{at}stanford.edu

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THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES:
Adiabatic operation of a molecular machine.
R. D. Astumian (2007)
PNAS 104, 19715-19718
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