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Science 5 March 1999:
Vol. 283. no. 5407, pp. 1513 - 1516
DOI: 10.1126/science.283.5407.1513
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Reports
Electrostatic Deflections and Electromechanical Resonances of Carbon Nanotubes
Philippe Poncharal,
1
Z. L. Wang,
2
Daniel Ugarte,
3
Walt A. de
Heer
1*
Static and dynamic mechanical deflections were electrically induced
in cantilevered, multiwalled carbon nanotubes in a transmission electron microscope. The nanotubes were resonantly excited at the
fundamental frequency and higher harmonics as revealed by their
deflected contours, which correspond closely to those determined for
cantilevered elastic beams. The elastic bending modulus as a function
of diameter was found to decrease sharply (from about 1 to 0.1 terapascals) with increasing diameter (from 8 to 40 nanometers), which
indicates a crossover from a uniform elastic mode to an elastic mode
that involves wavelike distortions in the nanotube. The quality factors
of the resonances are on the order of 500. The methods developed here
have been applied to a nanobalance for nanoscopic particles and also to
a Kelvin probe based on nanotubes.
1 School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology,
Atlanta, GA 30332-0430, USA.
2 School of Materials
Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
30332-0245, USA.
3 Laboratório National de
Luz Síncrotron, Cx Postal 6192, 13083-970 Campinas SP, Brazil.
*
To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Read the Full Text
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