Note to users. If you're seeing this message, it means that your browser cannot find this page's style/presentation instructions -- or possibly that you are using a browser that does not support current Web standards. Find out more about why this message is appearing, and what you can do to make your experience of our site the best it can be.

Science 29 January 1999:
Vol. 283. no. 5402, pp. 655 - 661
DOI: 10.1126/science.283.5402.655
Prev | Table of Contents | Next

Research Articles

beta -Arrestin-Dependent Formation of beta 2 Adrenergic Receptor-Src Protein Kinase Complexes

L. M. Luttrell, * S. S. G. Ferguson, * Y. Daaka, W. E. Miller, S. Maudsley, G. J. Della Rocca, F.-T. Lin, H. Kawakatsu, K. Owada, D. K. Luttrell, M. G. Caron, R. J. Lefkowitz dagger

The Ras-dependent activation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathways by many receptors coupled to heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide binding proteins (G proteins) requires the activation of Src family tyrosine kinases. Stimulation of beta 2 adrenergic receptors resulted in the assembly of a protein complex containing activated c-Src and the receptor. Src recruitment was mediated by beta -arrestin, which functions as an adapter protein, binding both c-Src and the agonist-occupied receptor. beta -Arrestin 1 mutants, impaired either in c-Src binding or in the ability to target receptors to clathrin-coated pits, acted as dominant negative inhibitors of beta 2 adrenergic receptor-mediated activation of the MAP kinases Erk1 and Erk2. These data suggest that beta -arrestin binding, which terminates receptor-G protein coupling, also initiates a second wave of signal transduction in which the "desensitized" receptor functions as a critical structural component of a mitogenic signaling complex.

L. M. Luttrell, Y. Daaka, W. E. Miller, S. Maudsley, G. J. Della Rocca, F.-T. Lin, M. G. Caron, and R. J. Lefkowitz are at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Departments of Medicine, Surgery, Biochemistry, and Cell Biology, Box 3821, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. S. S. G. Ferguson is at the John P. Robarts Research Institute, Post Office Box 5015, 100 Perth Drive, London, Ontario N6A 5K8, Canada. H. Kawakatsu is at the Lung Biology Center, University of California, Box 0854, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. K. Owada is at the Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 1 Shichono-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607, Japan. D. K. Luttrell is in the Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Glaxo Wellcome Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
*   These authors contributed equally to this work.

dagger    To whom correspondence should be addressed.

Read the Full Text


THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES:
Regulation of GPR54 Signaling by GRK2 and {beta}-Arrestin.
M. Pampillo, N. Camuso, J. E. Taylor, J. M. Szereszewski, M. R. Ahow, M. Zajac, R. P. Millar, M. Bhattacharya, and A. V. Babwah (2009)
Mol. Endocrinol. 23, 2060-2074
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Allosteric Modulators of G Protein-Coupled Receptors: Future Therapeutics for Complex Physiological Disorders.
L. Wang, B. Martin, R. Brenneman, L. M. Luttrell, and S. Maudsley (2009)
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 331, 340-348
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A Preformed Signaling Complex Mediates GnRH-Activated ERK Phosphorylation of Paxillin and FAK at Focal Adhesions in L{beta}T2 Gonadotrope Cells.
M. Dobkin-Bekman, M. Naidich, L. Rahamim, F. Przedecki, T. Almog, S. Lim, P. Melamed, P. Liu, T. Wohland, Z. Yao, et al. (2009)
Mol. Endocrinol. 23, 1850-1864
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Endosomes: A legitimate platform for the signaling train.
J. E. Murphy, B. E. Padilla, B. Hasdemir, G. S. Cottrell, and N. W. Bunnett (2009)
PNAS 106, 17615-17622
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Endosomal Deubiquitinating Enzymes Control Ubiquitination and Down-regulation of Protease-activated Receptor 2.
B. Hasdemir, J. E. Murphy, G. S. Cottrell, and N. W. Bunnett (2009)
J. Biol. Chem. 284, 28453-28466
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A {beta}-Arrestin-Biased Agonist of the Parathyroid Hormone Receptor (PTH1R) Promotes Bone Formation Independent of G Protein Activation.
D. Gesty-Palmer, P. Flannery, L. Yuan, L. Corsino, R. Spurney, R. J. Lefkowitz, and L. M. Luttrell (2009)
Science Translational Medicine 1, 1ra1
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
An arrestin-dependent multi-kinase signaling complex mediates MIP-1{beta}/CCL4 signaling and chemotaxis of primary human macrophages.
R. Cheung, M. Malik, V. Ravyn, B. Tomkowicz, A. Ptasznik, and R. G. Collman (2009)
J. Leukoc. Biol. 86, 833-845
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Amantadine inhibits platelet-activating factor induced clathrin-mediated endocytosis in human neutrophils.
P. C. Eckels, A. Banerjee, E. E. Moore, N. J. D. McLaughlin, L. M. Gries, M. R. Kelher, K. M. England, F. Gamboni-Robertson, S. Y. Khan, and C. C. Silliman (2009)
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 297, C886-C897
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Endosomal Endothelin-converting Enzyme-1: A REGULATOR OF {beta}-ARRESTIN-DEPENDENT ERK SIGNALING.
G. S. Cottrell, B. E. Padilla, S. Amadesi, D. P. Poole, J. E. Murphy, M. Hardt, D. Roosterman, M. Steinhoff, and N. W. Bunnett (2009)
J. Biol. Chem. 284, 22411-22425
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
{beta}-Arrestin 2 is required for the induction and strengthening of integrin-mediated leukocyte adhesion during CXCR2-driven extravasation.
R. Molteni, C. L. Crespo, S. Feigelson, C. Moser, M. Fabbri, V. Grabovsky, F. Krombach, C. Laudanna, R. Alon, and R. Pardi (2009)
Blood 114, 1073-1082
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Obestatin stimulates Akt signalling in gastric cancer cells through {beta}-arrestin-mediated epidermal growth factor receptor transactivation.
C. J P Alvarez, M. Lodeiro, M. Theodoropoulou, J. P Camina, F. F Casanueva, and Y. Pazos (2009)
Endocr. Relat. Cancer 16, 599-611
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
MEK1 Binds Directly to {beta}Arrestin1, Influencing Both Its Phosphorylation by ERK and the Timing of Its Isoprenaline-stimulated Internalization.
D. Meng, M. J. Lynch, E. Huston, M. Beyermann, J. Eichhorst, D. R. Adams, E. Klussmann, M. D. Houslay, and G. S. Baillie (2009)
J. Biol. Chem. 284, 11425-11435
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Arrestin Times for Developing Antipsychotics and {beta}-Blockers.
M. D. Houslay (2009)
Science Signaling 2, pe22
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
17{beta}-Estradiol-Mediated Neuroprotection and ERK Activation Require a Pertussis Toxin-Sensitive Mechanism Involving GRK2 and {beta}-Arrestin-1.
R. Dominguez, E. Hu, M. Zhou, and M. Baudry (2009)
J. Neurosci. 29, 4228-4238
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The 27-kDa Heat Shock Protein Confers Cytoprotective Effects through a {beta}2-Adrenergic Receptor Agonist-Initiated Complex with {beta}-Arrestin.
L. Rojanathammanee, E. B. Harmon, L. A. Grisanti, P. Govitrapong, M. Ebadi, B. D. Grove, M. Miyagi, and J. E. Porter (2009)
Mol. Pharmacol. 75, 855-865
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
{beta}-Arrestin links endothelin A receptor to {beta}-catenin signaling to induce ovarian cancer cell invasion and metastasis.
L. Rosano, R. Cianfrocca, S. Masi, F. Spinella, V. Di Castro, A. Biroccio, E. Salvati, M. R. Nicotra, P. G. Natali, and A. Bagnato (2009)
PNAS 106, 2806-2811
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
{beta}-Arrestin 1 Is Required for PAC1 Receptor-mediated Potentiation of Long-lasting ERK1/2 Activation by Glucose in Pancreatic {beta}-Cells.
C. Broca, J. Quoyer, S. Costes, N. Linck, A. Varrault, P.-M. Deffayet, J. Bockaert, S. Dalle, and G. Bertrand (2009)
J. Biol. Chem. 284, 4332-4342
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Src Phosphorylation of {micro}-Receptor Is Responsible for the Receptor Switching from an Inhibitory to a Stimulatory Signal.
L. Zhang, H. Zhao, Y. Qiu, H. H. Loh, and P.-Y. Law (2009)
J. Biol. Chem. 284, 1990-2000
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
How Does Arrestin Assemble MAPKs into a Signaling Complex?.
X. Song, S. Coffa, H. Fu, and V. V. Gurevich (2009)
J. Biol. Chem. 284, 685-695
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A Dopamine D2 Receptor Mutant Capable of G Protein-Mediated Signaling but Deficient in Arrestin Binding.
H. Lan, Y. Liu, M. I. Bell, V. V. Gurevich, and K. A. Neve (2009)
Mol. Pharmacol. 75, 113-123
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
{beta}-Arrestin 2 is required for lysophosphatidic acid-induced NF-{kappa}B activation.
J. Sun and X. Lin (2008)
PNAS 105, 17085-17090
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Looking at Lithium: Molecular Moods and Complex Behaviour.
J.-M. Beaulieu and M. G. Caron (2008)
Mol. Interv. 8, 230-241
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Arrestin 3 Mediates Endocytosis of CCR7 following Ligation of CCL19 but Not CCL21.
M. A. Byers, P. A. Calloway, L. Shannon, H. D. Cunningham, S. Smith, F. Li, B. C. Fassold, and C. M. Vines (2008)
J. Immunol. 181, 4723-4732
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
{beta}-Blockers alprenolol and carvedilol stimulate {beta}-arrestin-mediated EGFR transactivation.
I.-M. Kim, D. G. Tilley, J. Chen, N. C. Salazar, E. J. Whalen, J. D. Violin, and H. A. Rockman (2008)
PNAS 105, 14555-14560
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
c-Src tyrosine kinase, a critical component for 5-HT2A receptor-mediated contraction in rat aorta.
R. Lu, A. Alioua, Y. Kumar, P. Kundu, M. Eghbali, N. V. Weisstaub, J. A. Gingrich, E. Stefani, and L. Toro (2008)
J. Physiol. 586, 3855-3869
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Site-specific Cleavage of G Protein-coupled Receptor-engaged {beta}-Arrestin: INFLUENCE OF THE AT1 RECEPTOR CONFORMATION ON SCISSILE SITE SELECTION.
C. Lee, S. Bhatt, A. Shukla, R. W. Desnoyer, S. P. Yadav, M. Kim, S.-H. Jang, and S. S. Karnik (2008)
J. Biol. Chem. 283, 21612-21620
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Rich Tapestry of G Protein-Coupled Receptor Signaling and Regulatory Mechanisms.
V. V. Gurevich and E. V. Gurevich (2008)
Mol. Pharmacol. 74, 312-316
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
{beta}-Arrestin Scaffolding of Phosphatidylinositol 4-Phosphate 5-Kinase I{alpha} Promotes Agonist-stimulated Sequestration of the {beta}2-Adrenergic Receptor.
C. D. Nelson, J. J. Kovacs, K. N. Nobles, E. J. Whalen, and R. J. Lefkowitz (2008)
J. Biol. Chem. 283, 21093-21101
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Conformational Rearrangements and Signaling Cascades Involved in Ligand-Biased Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling through the {beta}1-Adrenergic Receptor.
S. Galandrin, G. Oligny-Longpre, H. Bonin, K. Ogawa, C. Gales, and M. Bouvier (2008)
Mol. Pharmacol. 74, 162-172
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Endocytosis of Prion Protein Is Required for ERK1/2 Signaling Induced by Stress-Inducible Protein 1.
F. A. Caetano, M. H. Lopes, G. N. M. Hajj, C. F. Machado, C. Pinto Arantes, A. C. Magalhaes, M. D. P. B. Vieira, T. A. Americo, A. R. Massensini, S. A. Priola, et al. (2008)
J. Neurosci. 28, 6691-6702
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Activation of 5-HT2A/C Receptors Counteracts 5-HT1A Regulation of N-Methyl-D-aspartate Receptor Channels in Pyramidal Neurons of Prefrontal Cortex.
E. Y. Yuen, Q. Jiang, P. Chen, J. Feng, and Z. Yan (2008)
J. Biol. Chem. 283, 17194-17204
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
{beta}-Arrestins: Multifunctional Cellular Mediators.
L. Barki-Harrington and H. A. Rockman (2008)
Physiology 23, 17-22
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Alveolar Epithelial 2-Adrenergic Receptors.
G. M. Mutlu and P. Factor (2008)
Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 38, 127-134
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Phosphorylation of GRK2 by PKA augments GRK2-mediated phosphorylation, internalization, and desensitization of VPAC2 receptors in smooth muscle.
K. S. Murthy, S. Mahavadi, J. Huang, H. Zhou, and W. Sriwai (2008)
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 294, C477-C487
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Angiotensin II Activates Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Independently of Receptor Tyrosine Kinases in Renal Smooth Muscle Cells: Implications for Blood Pressure Regulation.
C. S. Escano Jr., L. B. Keever, A. A. Gutweiler, and B. T. Andresen (2008)
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 324, 34-42
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
17 -Estradiol Promotes Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation-Inducing Stromal Cell-Derived Factor-1-Mediated Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Transactivation: Reversal by Gefitinib Pretreatment.
A. Pattarozzi, M. Gatti, F. Barbieri, R. Wurth, C. Porcile, G. Lunardi, A. Ratto, R. Favoni, A. Bajetto, A. Ferrari, et al. (2008)
Mol. Pharmacol. 73, 191-202
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Active Conformation of beta-Arrestin1: DIRECT EVIDENCE FOR THE PHOSPHATE SENSOR IN THE N-DOMAIN AND CONFORMATIONAL DIFFERENCES IN THE ACTIVE STATES OF beta-ARRESTINS1 AND -2.
K. N. Nobles, Z. Guan, K. Xiao, T. G. Oas, and R. J. Lefkowitz (2007)
J. Biol. Chem. 282, 21370-21381
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
G-protein-coupled receptor expression, function, and signaling in macrophages.
J. Lattin, D. A. Zidar, K. Schroder, S. Kellie, D. A. Hume, and M. J. Sweet (2007)
J. Leukoc. Biol. 82, 16-32
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Differential effects of beta-arrestins on the internalization, desensitization and ERK1/2 activation downstream of protease activated receptor-2.
P. Kumar, C. S. Lau, M. Mathur, P. Wang, and K. A. DeFea (2007)
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 293, C346-C357
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
N-terminal Tyrosine Modulation of the Endocytic Adaptor Function of the beta-Arrestins.
S. Marion, G. B. Fralish, S. Laporte, M. G. Caron, and L. S. Barak (2007)
J. Biol. Chem. 282, 18937-18944
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Src-dependent phosphorylation of beta2-adaptin dissociates the beta-arrestin-AP-2 complex.
D. Fessart, M. Simaan, B. Zimmerman, J. Comeau, F. F. Hamdan, P. W. Wiseman, M. Bouvier, and S. A. Laporte (2007)
J. Cell Sci. 120, 1723-1732
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
{beta}-Arrestin2 and c-Src Regulate the Constitutive Activity and Recycling of {micro} Opioid Receptors in Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons.
W. Walwyn, C. J. Evans, and T. G. Hales (2007)
J. Neurosci. 27, 5092-5104
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway is differentially involved in beta-agonist-induced hypertrophy in slow and fast muscles.
H. Shi, C. Zeng, A. Ricome, K. M. Hannon, A. L. Grant, and D. E. Gerrard (2007)
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 292, C1681-C1689
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
beta-Arrestin and Mdm2 Mediate IGF-1 Receptor-stimulated ERK Activation and Cell Cycle Progression.
L. Girnita, S. K. Shenoy, B. Sehat, R. Vasilcanu, D. Vasilcanu, A. Girnita, R. J. Lefkowitz, and O. Larsson (2007)
J. Biol. Chem. 282, 11329-11338
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Constitutive Trafficking--More Than Just Running in Circles?.
L. M. Bohn (2007)
Mol. Pharmacol. 71, 957-958
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Adrenomedullin inhibits angiotensin II-induced oxidative stress via Csk-mediated inhibition of Src activity.
J. Liu, T. Shimosawa, H. Matsui, F. Meng, S. C. Supowit, D. J. DiPette, K. Ando, and T. Fujita (2007)
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 292, H1714-H1721
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Sciatic Nerve Ligation-Induced Proliferation of Spinal Cord Astrocytes Is Mediated by {kappa} Opioid Activation of p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase.
M. Xu, M. R. Bruchas, D. L. Ippolito, L. Gendron, and C. Chavkin (2007)
J. Neurosci. 27, 2570-2581
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Src Docks to A-kinase Anchoring Protein Gravin, Regulating beta2-Adrenergic Receptor Resensitization and Recycling.
J. Tao, H.-y. Wang, and C. C. Malbon (2007)
J. Biol. Chem. 282, 6597-6608
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Tau impacts on growth-factor-stimulated actin remodeling.
V. M. Sharma, J. M. Litersky, K. Bhaskar, and G. Lee (2007)
J. Cell Sci. 120, 748-757
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Assembly of an SAP97-AKAP79-cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase Scaffold at the Type 1 PSD-95/DLG/ZO1 Motif of the Human beta1-Adrenergic Receptor Generates a Receptosome Involved in Receptor Recycling and Networking.
L. A. Gardner, A. P. Naren, and S. W. Bahouth (2007)
J. Biol. Chem. 282, 5085-5099
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
beta-arrestin signaling and regulation of transcription.
L. Ma and G. Pei (2007)
J. Cell Sci. 120, 213-218
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
G Protein-coupled Receptor (GPCR) Kinase 2 Regulates Agonist-independent Gq/11 Signaling from the Mouse Cytomegalovirus GPCR M33.
J. D. Sherrill and W. E. Miller (2006)
J. Biol. Chem. 281, 39796-39805
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Proline-rich Motifs in the Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)/PTH-related Protein Receptor C Terminus Mediate Scaffolding of c-Src with beta-Arrestin2 for ERK1/2 Activation.
A. Rey, D. Manen, R. Rizzoli, J. Caverzasio, and S. L. Ferrari (2006)
J. Biol. Chem. 281, 38181-38188
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Regulation of the Platelet-derived Growth Factor Receptor-beta by G Protein-coupled Receptor Kinase-5 in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Involves the Phosphatase Shp2.
J.-H. Wu, R. Goswami, X. Cai, S. T. Exum, X. Huang, L. Zhang, L. Brian, R. T. Premont, K. Peppel, and N. J. Freedman (2006)
J. Biol. Chem. 281, 37758-37772
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Maximal beta3-Adrenergic Regulation of Lipolysis Involves Src and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-dependent ERK1/2 Activation.
J. Robidoux, N. Kumar, K. W. Daniel, F. Moukdar, M. Cyr, A. V. Medvedev, and S. Collins (2006)
J. Biol. Chem. 281, 37794-37802
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The IL Sequence in the LLKIL Motif in CXCR2 Is Required for Full Ligand-induced Activation of Erk, Akt, and Chemotaxis in HL60 Cells.
J. Sai, G. Walker, J. Wikswo, and A. Richmond (2006)
J. Biol. Chem. 281, 35931-35941
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
AKAP79-mediated Targeting of the Cyclic AMP-dependent Protein Kinase to the beta1-Adrenergic Receptor Promotes Recycling and Functional Resensitization of the Receptor.
L. A. Gardner, S. J. Tavalin, A. S. Goehring, J. D. Scott, and S. W. Bahouth (2006)
J. Biol. Chem. 281, 33537-33553
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Host and Direct Antitumor Effects and Profound Reduction in Tumor Metastasis with Selective EP4 Receptor Antagonism.
L. Yang, Y. Huang, R. Porta, K. Yanagisawa, A. Gonzalez, E. Segi, D. H. Johnson, S. Narumiya, and D. P. Carbone (2006)
Cancer Res. 66, 9665-9672
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
R7BP Augments the Function of RGS7{middle dot}Gbeta5 Complexes by a Plasma Membrane-targeting Mechanism.
R. M. Drenan, C. A. Doupnik, M. Jayaraman, A. L. Buchwalter, K. M. Kaltenbronn, J. E. Huettner, M. E. Linder, and K. J. Blumer (2006)
J. Biol. Chem. 281, 28222-28231
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Trafficking of G Protein-Coupled Receptors.
M. T. Drake, S. K. Shenoy, and R. J. Lefkowitz (2006)
Circ. Res. 99, 570-582
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Arrestin Serves as a Molecular Switch, Linking Endogenous {alpha}2-Adrenergic Receptor to SRC-dependent, but Not SRC-independent, ERK Activation.
Q. Wang, R. Lu, J. Zhao, and L. E. Limbird (2006)
J. Biol. Chem. 281, 25948-25955
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
mGluR1/5 subtype-specific calcium signalling and induction of long-term potentiation in rat hippocampal oriens/alveus interneurones.
L. Topolnik, M. Azzi, F. Morin, A. Kougioumoutzakis, and J.-C. Lacaille (2006)
J. Physiol. 575, 115-131
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Identification of Structural Determinants for G Protein-Independent Activation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases in the Seventh Transmembrane Domain of the Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor.
D. K. Yee, A. Suzuki, L. Luo, and S. J. Fluharty (2006)
Mol. Endocrinol. 20, 1924-1934
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Visual and Both Non-visual Arrestins in Their "Inactive" Conformation Bind JNK3 and Mdm2 and Relocalize Them from the Nucleus to the Cytoplasm.
X. Song, D. Raman, E. V. Gurevich, S. A. Vishnivetskiy, and V. V. Gurevich (2006)
J. Biol. Chem. 281, 21491-21499
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Two stages of light-dependent TRPL-channel translocation in Drosophila photoreceptors.
M. A. Cronin, M.-H. Lieu, and S. Tsunoda (2006)
J. Cell Sci. 119, 2935-2944
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Cooperative mitogenic signaling by G protein-coupled receptors and growth factors is dependent on Gq/11.
K. C. Kong, C. K. Billington, U. Gandhi, R. A. Panettieri Jr., and R. B. Penn (2006)
FASEB J 20, 1558-1560
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Kappa Opioid Receptor Activation of p38 MAPK Is GRK3- and Arrestin-dependent in Neurons and Astrocytes.
M. R. Bruchas, T. A. Macey, J. D. Lowe, and C. Chavkin (2006)
J. Biol. Chem. 281, 18081-18089
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Beyond the dogma: novel {beta}2-adrenoceptor signalling in the airways..
M. A. Giembycz and R. Newton (2006)
Eur. Respir. J. 27, 1286-1306
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase in the G Protein-Coupled Receptor-Induced Chemokinesis and Chemotaxis of MDA-MB-468 Breast Carcinoma Cells: A Comparison with Leukocytes.
P. Bastian, B. Posch, K. Lang, B. Niggemann, K. S. Zaenker, H. Hatt, and F. Entschladen (2006)
Mol. Cancer Res. 4, 411-421
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Human Thyrotropin Receptor Is Predominantly Internalized by {beta}-Arrestin 2.
R. Frenzel, C. Voigt, and R. Paschke (2006)
Endocrinology 147, 3114-3122
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Platelet-Activating Factor-Induced Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis Requires beta-Arrestin-1 Recruitment and Activation of the p38 MAPK Signalosome at the Plasma Membrane for Actin Bundle Formation..
N. J. D. McLaughlin, A. Banerjee, M. R. Kelher, F. Gamboni-Robertson, C. Hamiel, F. R. Sheppard, E. E. Moore, and C. C. Silliman (2006)
J. Immunol. 176, 7039-7050
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Pleiotropic AT1 Receptor Signaling Pathways Mediating Physiological and Pathogenic Actions of Angiotensin II.
L. Hunyady and K. J. Catt (2006)
Mol. Endocrinol. 20, 953-970
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Distinct beta-Arrestin- and G Protein-dependent Pathways for Parathyroid Hormone Receptor-stimulated ERK1/2 Activation.
D. Gesty-Palmer, M. Chen, E. Reiter, S. Ahn, C. D. Nelson, S. Wang, A. E. Eckhardt, C. L. Cowan, R. F. Spurney, L. M. Luttrell, et al. (2006)
J. Biol. Chem. 281, 10856-10864
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Activation of group III metabotropic glutamate receptors attenuates rotenone toxicity on dopaminergic neurons through a microtubule-dependent mechanism..
Q. Jiang, Z. Yan, and J. Feng (2006)
J. Neurosci. 26, 4318-4328
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Nonvisual Arrestin Oligomerization and Cellular Localization Are Regulated by Inositol Hexakisphosphate Binding.
S. K. Milano, Y.-M. Kim, F. P. Stefano, J. L. Benovic, and C. Brenner (2006)
J. Biol. Chem. 281, 9812-9823
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Adenylyl Cyclase Superactivation Induced by Long-Term Treatment with Opioid Agonist Is Dependent on Receptor Localized within Lipid Rafts and Is Independent of Receptor Internalization.
H. Zhao, H. H. Loh, and P. Y. Law (2006)
Mol. Pharmacol. 69, 1421-1432
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Role of beta-arrestin 1 in the metastatic progression of colorectal cancer.
F. G. Buchanan, D. L. Gorden, P. Matta, Q. Shi, L. M. Matrisian, and R. N. DuBois (2006)
PNAS 103, 1492-1497
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Regulation of CXCR4-Mediated Nuclear Translocation of Extracellular Signal-Related Kinases 1 and 2.
M. Zhao, R. G. DiScipio, A. G. Wimmer, and I. U. Schraufstatter (2006)
Mol. Pharmacol. 69, 66-75
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
{beta}-Adrenoreceptors Reactivate Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Lytic Replication via PKA-Dependent Control of Viral RTA.
M. Chang, H. J. Brown, A. Collado-Hidalgo, J. M. Arevalo, Z. Galic, T. L. Symensma, L. Tanaka, H. Deng, J. A. Zack, R. Sun, et al. (2005)
J. Virol. 79, 13538-13547
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Seven-Transmembrane Receptor Signaling Through {beta}-Arrestin.
S. K. Shenoy and R. J. Lefkowitz (2005)
Sci. STKE 2005, cm10
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Mammalian G Proteins and Their Cell Type Specific Functions.
N. Wettschureck and S. Offermanns (2005)
Physiol Rev 85, 1159-1204
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Src Regulates Constitutive Internalization and Rapid Resensitization of a Cholecystokinin 2 Receptor Splice Variant.
C. Chao, K. L. Ives, E. Goluszko, A. A. Kolokoltsov, R. A. Davey, C. M. Townsend Jr., and M. R. Hellmich (2005)
J. Biol. Chem. 280, 33368-33373
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
{beta}-Arrestin 2 Expression Determines the Transcriptional Response to Lysophosphatidic Acid Stimulation in Murine Embryo Fibroblasts.
D. Gesty-Palmer, H. E. Shewy, T. A. Kohout, and L. M. Luttrell (2005)
J. Biol. Chem. 280, 32157-32167
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Platelet-derived Growth Factor Receptor-{beta} Phosphorylates and Activates G Protein-coupled Receptor Kinase-2: A MECHANISM FOR FEEDBACK INHIBITION.
J.-H. Wu, R. Goswami, L. K. Kim, W. E. Miller, K. Peppel, and N. J. Freedman (2005)
J. Biol. Chem. 280, 31027-31035
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Insights into Seven and Single Transmembrane-Spanning Domain Receptors and Their Signaling Pathways in Human Natural Killer Cells.
A. A. Maghazachi (2005)
Pharmacol. Rev. 57, 339-357
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Origins of Diversity and Specificity in G Protein-Coupled Receptor Signaling.
S. Maudsley, B. Martin, and L. M. Luttrell (2005)
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 314, 485-494
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
c-Src-Mediated Phosphorylation of TRIP6 Regulates Its Function in Lysophosphatidic Acid-Induced Cell Migration.
Y.-J. Lai, C.-S. Chen, W.-C. Lin, and F.-T. Lin (2005)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 25, 5859-5868
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Dynamic Interaction between the Dual Specificity Phosphatase MKP7 and the JNK3 Scaffold Protein {beta}-Arrestin 2.
E. A. Willoughby and M. K. Collins (2005)
J. Biol. Chem. 280, 25651-25658
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Caenorhabditus elegans Arrestin Regulates Neural G Protein Signaling and Olfactory Adaptation and Recovery.
A. Palmitessa, H. A. Hess, I. A. Bany, Y.-M. Kim, M. R. Koelle, and J. L. Benovic (2005)
J. Biol. Chem. 280, 24649-24662
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Exposure to TARC alters {beta}2-adrenergic receptor signaling in human peripheral blood T lymphocytes.
I. H. Heijink, E. Vellenga, J. Oostendorp, J. G. R. de Monchy, D. S. Postma, and H. F. Kauffman (2005)
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 289, L53-L59
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-Pyridyl)-1-Butanone from Cigarette Smoke Stimulates Colon Cancer Growth via {beta}-Adrenoceptors.
W. K.K. Wu, H. P.S. Wong, S. W. Luo, K. Chan, F. Y. Huang, M. K.C. Hui, E. K.Y. Lam, V. Y. Shin, Y. N. Ye, Y. H. Yang, et al. (2005)
Cancer Res. 65, 5272-5277
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Glucagon-like Peptide-2 Receptor C Terminus Modulates {beta}-Arrestin-2 Association but Is Dispensable for Ligand-induced Desensitization, Endocytosis, and G-protein-dependent Effector Activation.
J. L. Estall, J. A. Koehler, B. Yusta, and D. J. Drucker (2005)
J. Biol. Chem. 280, 22124-22134
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Roles of Phosphorylation-dependent and -independent Mechanisms in the Regulation of M1 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors by G Protein-coupled Receptor Kinase 2 in Hippocampal Neurons.
J. M. Willets, S. R. Nahorski, and R. A. J. Challiss (2005)
J. Biol. Chem. 280, 18950-18958
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Isoproterenol induces actin depolymerization in human airway smooth muscle cells via activation of an Src kinase and GS.
C. A. Hirshman, D. Zhu, T. Pertel, R. A. Panettieri, and C. W. Emala (2005)
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 288, L924-L931
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Concurrent Stimulation of Cannabinoid CB1 and Dopamine D2 Receptors Enhances Heterodimer Formation: A Mechanism for Receptor Cross-Talk?.
C. S. Kearn, K. Blake-Palmer, E. Daniel, K. Mackie, and M. Glass (2005)
Mol. Pharmacol. 67, 1697-1704
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Transduction of Receptor Signals by {beta}-Arrestins.
R. J. Lefkowitz and S. K. Shenoy (2005)
Science 308, 512-517
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Receptor-specific Ubiquitination of {beta}-Arrestin Directs Assembly and Targeting of Seven-transmembrane Receptor Signalosomes.
S. K. Shenoy and R. J. Lefkowitz (2005)
J. Biol. Chem. 280, 15315-15324
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
{beta}-Arrestin Binding to the {beta}2-Adrenergic Receptor Requires Both Receptor Phosphorylation and Receptor Activation.
C. Krasel, M. Bunemann, K. Lorenz, and M. J. Lohse (2005)
J. Biol. Chem. 280, 9528-9535
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
CXC Chemokine Ligand 12-Induced Focal Adhesion Kinase Activation and Segregation into Membrane Domains Is Modulated by Regulator of G Protein Signaling 1 in Pro-B Cells.
Y. Le, M. Honczarenko, A. M. Glodek, D. K. Ho, and L. E. Silberstein (2005)
J. Immunol. 174, 2582-2590
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »


To Advertise     Find Products

Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)